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While the mainstream financial industry has faced a dizzying array of government and quasi-government regulations through most of the last one hundred years, non-bank financial products have, for the most part, evaded regulations. Catering to lower-income communities, payday loan storefronts and check cashing establishments have managed to justify their business models. The more desperate you are to pay your electricity bills and your rent before your power is turned off and you’re evicted, the more likely you are to willfully ignore the fact that the companies helping you are taking advantage of you in ways that a traditional bank would never be allowed to do.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is now charged with recommending new regulations that go beyond retail banks, thrifts, investment banks, and credit unions into the murky world of non-bank financial products.

If you compare a short-term payday loan with a loan from a bank, you might see that the payday loan’s equivalent interest rate (APR) is 450% or even higher. Mortgages tend to be 3% to 7%, business and personal loans could be 5% to 10%, and credit cards are 10% to 20% unless you default. Anything higher, and the loan might be considered usurious. So how do payday lenders get away with charging 450% or more?

Well, these lenders frame what they charge as a flat or sliding fee, not interest. The loans are typically due in two weeks, the expected arrival of your next paycheck. It might not be fair to compare these fees with interest rates, because the borrower doesn’t hold onto the loan for a long time.

Or does he? There’s some evidence suggesting payday loans create a cycle; rather than paying off the loan when the next paycheck arrives, lenders offer an enticing deal to encourage borrowers to begin the next loan. The two-week cycle repeats.

The CFPB wants to hear from people who have had experiences with payday lenders. In order to get a good grasp on how non-bank financial products can and should be regulated, the organization is seeking comments from the public. What have been your experiences with payday loans? Feel free to share here on Consumerism Commentary, or tell the CFPB your story directly.

Photo: bigburpsx3

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As many Presidents of the United States have done, President Obama avoided confrontation with Congress by appointing an individual to direct a government organization while lawmakers were on recess. Yesterday, the President appointed former Ohio attorney general Richard Cordray to the long-delayed position of director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Now that this department has a director, it can move forward in enacting regulations — not just suggestions — for non-bank financial entities.

Lately, the CFPB has been working on simplifying customer agreements for financial accounts. A great example is this redesigned credit card agreements. The new design highlights the important terms of the agreement, describes financial terms in plain language, and helps consumers increase awareness of their obligations and rights. The bureau is currently working on a similar resigned agreement for mortgage contracts.

Richard CordrayWithout a director, none of these recommendations would be required to be enacted by financial firms. Some banks have already taken steps to improve communication, but banks are also regulated by the Federal Reserve. The Fed issued some regulations as part of the Credit CARD Act of 2009, but the regulations do not extend to non-bank financial firms.

The CFPB may face legal challenges from industry groups who insist that the bureau can have no power to issue regulations.

Who is Richard Cordray?

When Richard Cordray was the attorney general in Ohio, and when he was Ohio’s treasurer before assuming the role of attorney general, I would receive marketing emails from him every couple of months. He championed pro-consumer causes and worked to ensure the public had a better understanding of predatory financial arrangements. His emails were directed at the press to help raise issues in the media. For example, he campaigned for closing loopholes that allows payday lenders to practice predatory tactics and he warned consumers of scams related to the Cash for Clunkers program. Cordray lost in his campaign to be re-elected attorney general in Ohio.

Cordray wasn’t without enemies in the banking industry. He filed a lawsuit against Bank of America and its executives in 2009 on behalf of Ohio’s state pension funds related to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch.

Cordray is also a five-time champion on Jeopardy.

In general, judging by his past actions, Cordray appears to be comfortable with a position strongly in opposition with Wall Street interests, which is a change in direction for Washington politicians for as long as I’ve been an adult. Clinton, Bush II, and Obama have all, despite occasional moments of pro-consumer rhetoric, appointed Wall Street insiders to major financial roles in government and pseudo-government agencies.

There is some validity to that philosophy, after all, Wall Street executives have the connections and relationships with other Wall Street executives, and these connections are necessary for the government to operate efficiently with one of the largest driving forces of the American and global economy. The government, however, can’t be expected to issue effective regulations if it needs to stay on Wall Street’s “good side,” however.

It’s a tough balance to manage, and it’s one of the many reasons why I avoid politics.

Photo: Richard Cordray

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Although Congress is dragging its feet in confirming the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s potential director, the bureau has been busy developing new tools to help consumers understand agreements that are potentially damaging to a family’s finances. Last year, issuers debuted new credit card statements designed to frighten borrowers into paying off debt faster. The new statements explicitly outlined how long it would take to pay off an entire balance by paying just the minimum each month.

The CFPB wants to bring this clarity to credit card agreements. These agreements are typically several pages long with small print, like this agreement [pdf] for a Wells Fargo Rewards Visa. The new look suggested by the bureau is more consumer-friendly than it is lawyer-friendly. It will likely need additional support with the terms in legal language, as well, but the new look makes it much easier to understand, and more importantly, compare offers between credit cards.

Here is the first section of the proposed new look for credit card agreements.

CFPB Credit Card Agreement

Right up front, you can easily find the important interest rates, including any introductory rate, regular rate, rates for balance transfers and cash advances, and penalty rates. It will be much more difficult to bury information if all issuers are required to include this information in a format like this.

Following the section displayed above, the agreement explains what payments need to be made, and that includes the formula for determining the minimum monthly payment. More information describes the consequences of missing a payment, including when a customer’s account will go into default, when the penalty interest rate will apply, and the effect on the late payment fee. The agreement also explains the way the interest is calculated in easy-to-understand terms. Consumers who read the agreement will be introduced to their grace period and also understand that if a borrower doesn’t take advantage of the grace period — that is, doesn’t pay the bill in full and on time — interest on new charges will be added to the credit card balance from the moment a transaction occurs.

The next section explains how the terms of the agreement can change. Read the full article →

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Today on the Consumerism Commentary Podcast, Tom Dziubek speaks with Adam Levin, co-founder of Credit.com and former director of the New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs about the new federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

Adam discusses the goals of the bureau, how it’s an improvement over what was in place before, and some of the challenges that it needs to overcome.

Consumerism Commentary Podcast #121
Adam Levin, The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: S05E17 / 146

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Table of contents

[00:00] Introduction from Tom Dziubek
[00:36] Interview with Adam Levin
[00:50] The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
[01:48] How it’s different from what was previously in place
[03:17] The priorities of the CFPB
[04:53] Financial literacy & creating new policies vs. enforcing the old ones
[07:48] Elizabeth Warren vs. Richard Cordray as director
[12:43] Republican criticisms of the bureau
[17:58] The CFPB’s effectiveness
[22:13] End

We always welcome feedback from listeners. If you have any comments for this episode or for any other, or if you have suggestions for future episodes, please leave us comments here or email us at podcast at this domain name.

Theme music by Mindcube.

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