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I used to work for a company in the financial services industry. Another branch of the corporation I worked for is involved with institutional money management. This department manages institutional investments like company retirement plans and pensions. This is a service they provided to other companies of various types, much like Fidelity and Schwab offer 401(k) management and administration to companies. This could be considered an in-house service, so as an employee of the company, my 401(k) plan was managed by this branch of the same company.

You would think that given the company’s standing within the financial industry, the 401(k) plan would include smart investment choices. Unfortunately, most of the funds available are high-priced, actively-managed mutual funds and annuity funds. There is one stock market index fund available, but its expense ratio is significantly higher than those of the low cost index funds found elsewhere. Nevertheless, I wanted to take advantage of the company’s matching contribution — after all, that’s free money — as well as the tax savings, so I relented and participated in the plan.

401(k) plans — and 403(b) plans available to non-profit and educational organizations — suffer from poor investment choices. They are often significantly more expensive than the index funds you can find for IRAs. A fund’s expenses play a significant role in an investor’s ability to grow wealth over time. A low-cost fund could save an investor over a hundred thousand dollars over the course of a career when compared to a similar fund with above-average expenses. Even taking inflation into account, this will be a significant amount of money.

Schwab has announced that they are now offering a selection of new 401(k) investment choices designed to cater to investors who are keen on keeping more of their money in a program called Schwab Index Advantage. It isn’t clear from the announcement whether the available funds will match what’s currently available to retail investors, but if they aren’t the same funds, they should be similar in cost. The Schwab S&P 500 Index Fund has an expense ratio of 0.09%, lower than even Vanguard’s competing retail S&P 500 Index Fund with 0.17%.

The brokerage also offers companies the ability to provide employees with investment advice and planning tools for an unspecified low cost. The GuidedChoice system will help employees make ongoing decisions regarding their retirement investing, and this should help employees save more for retirement. It’s individualized advice, which isn’t common with retirement plans. Most employees are lucky if their retirement plan comes with a web application that helps them determine an asset allocation strategy; individualized advice could, if the advice is good, help investors grow their nest eggs in a way that’s most appropriate for their goals.

Are you satisfied with your 401(k) retirement plan, its choices, and its included advice?

Charles Schwab

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Reflecting on My 2011 Goals

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A little less than a year ago, I mentioned that 2011 would be the year that everything changes. It’s a phrasing that I borrowed from Torchwood, but it was relevant for me as well as to the television program’s concept. I’ll have more to say about this year’s changes later.

At the time I created my goals for the year, it was difficult to predict how well my business, primarily the operation of Consumerism Commentary, would perform. I had just left my day job to work for myself full-time. It was a decision that I had been considering for several years, once I realized that running a website could be a profitable way to live. On reflection I should have made this change several years ago, as my business has long been able to sustain my finances. I first accepted this fact a few years ago when I moved the nicer apartment in which I live now. It’s not expensive, but it would have been unaffordable with just my day job income.

Even after this, it took several years for me to be comfortable with the idea of relying solely on that revenue. I knew I was in a risky business, and the ability to generate revenue from advertising was shown to be even riskier a few months later.

Without much warning, several other personal finance bloggers lost up to 80 percent of their revenue when the nature of the visitors to those websites changed. Some websites, on the other hand, were unharmed or even benefited, but the risk was never eliminated. When I created my goals and resolutions for 2011, I had risk in mind, but perhaps not as much risk as I should have. Nevertheless, looking back at the past year’s success, one might conclude I was much too conservative.

Income

At the end of last year, I remained conservative when planning for income changes in 2011. I would consider 2011 successful if I increased my income by $100,000 for the year. I exceeded this goal in 2011.

Net worth

I recognized net worth would be difficult to predict when I designed these goals last year. It would be far too dependent on my income, and to a lesser extent, the stock market. I ended the year with about $538,000 on my balance sheet. Calculated using the same method which includes the income generated by the business but does not include the value of the business, I was able increase this number beyond my goal. I will be more specific when I look at my end-of-year balance sheet. I far surpassed my conservative goal of increase my net worth by $275,000.

Investments

At the end of last year when I created these goals, I focused on retirement. As a business owner, it’s hard to know exactly what retirement may mean. When you work for a corporation, it’s easy to fall into the usual expectations for retirement, working for a set number of years until retirement age, leaving your work behind at that time to move to Florida and begin collecting benefits from the government and distributions from your retirement accounts. Working for myself, and particularly working in a business where the future could change at any moment, it’s harder to define what life would be like many years in advance.

Nevertheless, I set the conservative goal of saving 10 percent of my income for retirement. I was able to maximize my contribution to an Individual 401(k) throughout the year while investing regularly in a taxable investment account. Although, I spent only a small percentage of my income each month with no major purchases throughout the year, much of what I have saved is not necessarily designated for retirement, nor is it invested at all.

A couple weeks ago, I met with a Certified Financial Planner from Vanguard Flagship Services, and I have a strategy in place to invest for the medium and long term that’s appropriate for my particular financial situation.

Savings

As I mentioned above, having an aggressively increasing income paired with only modestly increasing expenses helped me build my net worth and my savings this year. With some aspects of my life in flux this year, I decided it was not yet a good time to settle down and purchase a house. This is a decision that is about more than finances. The decision to buy a house, for me, depends on long-term plans for family and career, and these are aspects of life I have not quite yet determined. When I renewed my lease on my apartment in central New Jersey this past summer, I paid for the option to break the lease without penalty at any time, thinking I might have other aspects of my life sorted out before it was again time to renew in 2012. There is still time left.

Savings goals other than a house still rely on other decisions in my life, including whether to have children.

Charity

Throughout the year, I’ve been contributing to my charitable gift fund, a donor-advised fund at Fidelity, that gives me the flexibility to grant gifts to non-profit organizations throughout the year. In the past, I’ve given to a program at my undergraduate university and the non-profit organization I used to work for. This year, I also added a local arts organization to my list.

Photography

As we get beyond the purely financial goals and resolutions, it’s easier to see where I’ve failed. I planned on finding ways to make photography a larger part of my life this year. I’ve enjoyed photography throughout my life, though it’s never been a core passion of mine. That has started to change over the past few years, and I’ve taken several classes to improve my craft. I wanted to dedicate some time every month to gaining more experience, particularly with portraiture. Unfortunately, the success of my business has come at the cost of not being able to dedicate as much time to this endeavor as I would have liked.

Professional photography is not the right choice for me. I would never want to photograph a wedding, and that seems to be the basic income-generating activity for most freelance photographers. I’d prefer to ignore the business aspect of photography completely and focus on creating images I would enjoy. While I didn’t have the time to dedicate to this in 2011, I’m looking at ways to restructure my life to make this more of a possibility in 2012.

Personal health

My health has been on my mind all year. Most likely a result of not having a large lunch in a corporate cafeteria almost every weekday, I’ve lost about five pounds this year. I’m not significantly overweight to start with, but I was definitely not at my ideal weight. I didn’t meet my goal of losing fifteen pounds, so I still have more to lose. The exercise I was getting one year ago was interrupted by a major snow storm from December into January, and it killed my momentum for some time. A few months ago, I joined a gym, and recently travel interrupted my progress.

Getting exercise seems to be more successful with assistance and motivation from a partner, and that’s something I just don’t have right now. All of the above are clearly excuses. The only motivation that matters comes from myself, and if I’m serious about getting into shape and losing weight, I just need to do it.

From a financial perspective, it would be hard to call 2011 anything but a success, but with a broader view I haven’t done much to change my life for the better this year. If 2011 was the year for focusing on my business, 2012 will be the year to focus on myself. In a few days, I’ll post a year-end look at my finances which will include numbers and other details, and after that, I’ll present my goals and resolutions for 2012.

Did you reach your goals and complete your resolutions for the year?

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These last few weeks in December present a good time to prepare your finances for the coming year. My personal goal is to start January 1 on a good note, moving my life forward. In the grand scheme putting your finances in order takes a back seat to cleaning up your life as a whole, but it’s an important task because it can set you up for financial success. I’ve suggested changing your 401(k) contribution level early and donating to charity. It’s also a good time to fund your Roth (or traditional) IRA.

Usually, the reminder to fund your Roth IRA comes in March or April. The deadline isn’t until your tax return is due in the following year. For example, I have until April 16, 2012 to transfer money into my IRA and have the contribution count towards my 2011 limit. But why wait?

When investing for retirement, you can choose between two approaches. You can contribute to retirement accounts in a lump sum investment or you can use periodic investments (often called dollar-cost averaging) to spread your contribution over a longer period of time. You can also use a combination of the two approaches. For most savers, the choice comes down to cash flow.

Choose between lump-sum and periodic investments

Dollar-cost averaging, or using the same dollar amount to purchase a theoretically different amount of shares of investment regularly, can help smooth out the short-term volatility in stock prices. When compared to investing a lump sum, with periodic investments, you’ll sometimes invest when the prices of the stocks or funds are higher, and sometimes invest when the prices are lower. It’s one way to mitigate a small amount of risk. If your options are between dollar-cost averaging and saving up to invest in a lump sum later, thanks to the general long-term trend of an increasing overall value of stocks, you’ll generally be better off in the end using periodic investments.

That’s because it’s generally to invest what you can as early as you can. This is why many people choose periodic investments. Cash flow plays a large role in determining how a family or individual will invest. Unless you’re borrowing money to invest into retirement — a dangerous proposition — chances are good you won’t have $5,000, the IRA contribution limit for people under age 50, ready to go on January 1. The first day of the year is also the first day you can contribute to the new year’s IRA.

It can take a while to save up $5,000, so if you can spread the contribution over twelve months at $416.66 per month, now is a great time to configure your coming year’s investment strategy on your IRA plan’s website. If you don’t have an IRA yet, you can start one at any discount brokerage. I use Vanguard, but Fidelity is also good, and TIAA-Cref offers the benefit of very low investment minimums. All allow you to configure periodic electronic investments from your bank account.

If you haven’t invested in this year’s IRA yet and you don’t have the cash available to invest in one lump sum, create periodic investments that help you invest as much as you can budget for between now and the April deadline.

On the other hand, you might have cash available. If so, fund this year’s IRA up to the limit now, and prepare to fund next year’s IRA soon after December 31, both in lump sums. There’s a chance that you won’t get as good a price on your investment as you would the day before or the day after, but if you’re investing for the long-term, the difference between days should be much less influential on your financial success than market performance leading up to the day you begin withdrawing and the period of time to follow.

Choose between traditional and Roth IRAs

While the laws could change at any time, traditional and Roth IRAs have a few differences. In general, if you believe you’ll be in a lower tax bracket than you are now and you qualify for the tax deduction with the traditional IRA, that would be a better option. That’s particularly the case if you don’t have an employer-sponsored retirement plan such as a 401(k). On the other hand, if you’re already receiving the tax advantage of a 401(k), and you believe you could get a better tax advantage by taking a deduction in retirement because you expect to be in a higher tax bracket, the Roth IRA might be a better choice.

Of course, you can hedge your bets by splitting your contribution between the traditional and Roth IRAs. If, however, you earn enough money, you might not qualify for a Roth IRA.

You can use this IRA contribution wizard at Mint.com to determine which IRA is best for your particular situation.

Just do it

Keep in mind that with a long-term view, a lump sum investment is preferable, if you can invest that lump sum right away. If cash flow is a concern, set up a periodic investment to invest smaller amounts over time. Every major brokerage can support this hands-off, automated approach. Saving up to invest is a last resort. If you are not enamored with the idea of investing in the stock market right now, you can always choose a safer investment, even a money market fund or a certificate of deposit. Regardless, the sooner you get invested, the better for your future finances.

Don’t wait for the deadline; for the most part, people who consistently invest the maximum on the first day (January 1 of the coming year) will be better off than those who wait to invest the maximum on the last day (usually April 15 of the following year), because those who wait miss 15 and a half months of potential growth.

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The year is quickly coming to a close, and the first priority for many people right now is getting through the holidays with as little stress as possible. Focusing solely on the holidays at the expense of your household’s financial needs can only add to stress later, so it might help to get a few items in order now rather than attempting to manage your year-end tasks in the one week between Christmas and the new year. A few days ago, I suggested changing your 401(k) contribution level now because of the time it takes for changes to take effect, and today, I’m looking at charity.

A tax benefit shouldn’t be the sole reason you contribute to charitable organizations, but there is a federal tax deduction for charitable contributions, and it’s better for a family’s own financial situation to take advantage of this benefit if plans call for charity regardless. Unlike other benefits that allow qualification extensions into the new year, to receive a deduction on this year’s tax return, the organization to which you donate must receive the contribution this calendar year.

Charity BoxUnfortunately, the time you spend volunteering for a non-profit organization is not tax-deductible. While volunteering could benefit an organization more than a moderate financial contribution, the tax code favors gifts of value, not time.

Choose your recipient

Charity isn’t an end-of-year activity. If you value a certain cause, doing what you can throughout the year can be a more effective way of maximizing the benefit you can provide to a non-profit or religious organization. Nevertheless, in busy lives, people often don’t think about finalizing their charitable gifts until the spirit of the holiday giving season is in full-force. If you think about giving throughout the year, you may already have one or more intended benefactors.

If you have a charity in mind or if you need to find one, take the time to ensure the organization is not only legitimate but each dollar you provide will do the most good.

Charity Navigator is an indispensable tool. Using Charity Navigator, you can research any non-profit organization. You can see an evaluation of how efficiently the organization uses donors’ contributions and read the latest financial reports to determine how highly the executives are compensated. Charity Navigator will also help you ensure the organization you choose is a qualified 401(c)3, a non-profit organization recognized by the government.

I like to evaluate what percentage of contributed money is used for marketing, particularly. Marketing is of course very important to an organization, and effective marketing can pay for itself in increased donations, but if too much money is spent on marketing and not projects that directly apply to the organization’s mission, you have to consider that your donation may be more effective elsewhere.

In choosing an organization, consider your own values. You may be aware of an organization whose goals you admire and respect, and can start there. But if not, consider what issues are central to your core beliefs. Would you like to see poverty eradicated around the world? Do you believe people can improve their lives by living in a new home? Are you concerned that budget cuts in education are affecting children’s ability to receive a well-rounded education? Should more resources be committed to helping military veterans? You should be able to find an organization catering to the same issue that you consider most important.

When you complete the donation, be sure to keep a copy of the receipt for tax purposes. The receipt should show how much of your contribution is tax-deductible. If you receive a thank-you gift in return for your contribution, the amount you provide will most likely not be 100% deductible.

Open a donor-advised charitable fund

If you can’t or won’t decide which organization is most relevant to your values and charitable desires, open a donor-advised charitable gift fund. I opened this type of account a few years ago at Fidelity. The charitable gift fund allows an individual to contribute today and receive the tax benefit, while granting donations from the fund to worthy organizations over time. By using the gift fund, I could contribute funds throughout the year, invest in index funds, and assuming the funds appreciate in value, donate even more to the non-profit organization.

Even if the value goes down, most organizations can receive gifts in stocks or funds, so they can choose to sell and use the cash when it’s best for the organization.

You cannot withdraw the money you’ve contributed to your charitable gift fund, however. You can’t use a charitable gift fund as a saving or investment vehicle for yourself. Once you transfer money to your charitable gift fund, it becomes the property of the fund itself or its parent company. That’s the reason you can take the tax deduction immediately rather than waiting until you grant your donation to a non-profit organization.

Each year, I donate to DonorsChoose, an organization that helps teachers receive the resources they need for effective classroom instruction, an organization within my undergraduate university, and a few other organizations that match my values or are in response to important issues.

If you donate to charity, do you do so during the year or only at the end of the year? How important is the tax deduction?

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The Best Credit Cards, February 2012

by Flexo

With hundreds of credit cards available today, it’s difficult to find the best credit card for your particular situation. Whether you need a travel rewards card or a great cash-back card, the best offers are getting more difficult to find. The best credit cards of 2012 are just not as rewarding as they once were, ... Continue reading this article…

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Capital One Cash Credit Card Review

by Flexo

Even though cash back rewards programs have increased over the years, they’ve also become much more complex. When a credit card issuer decides to offer more than 1 percent cash back, the company usually does it in a convoluted way that few consumers take the time to understand. Some require specific purchases to be made while ... Continue reading this article…

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Podcast 113: The Money Couple, Scott & Bethany Palmer

by Flexo

Today’s guests on the Consumerism Commentary Podcast are Scott and Bethany Palmer, also known as The Money Couple. The Money Couple talks about many topics in their book, First Comes Love, Then Comes Money: A Couple’s Guide to Financial Communication such as financial infidelity, money personalities and how couples can better understand each others’ money ... Continue reading this article…

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How Much Money Do You Need to Feel Wealthy?

by Flexo
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Last week, I wrote about a study that evaluates the most important issues for wealthy people, and a new study released recently, sponsored by Fidelity, also takes a look at the attitudes of the super-rich. If I were to have $1 million in investible assets — the value of what I have available to invest ... Continue reading this article…

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