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Whether you agree with it or not, the reason this country has supported programs like welfare, Social Security, the GI Bill, food stamps, Medicare, government-backed mortgages, FEMA insurance, and other social programs is because a modern society benefits when as many citizens as possible have opportunities to succeed financially. Social programs aren’t perfect and don’t always provide what they promise, and there’s always a small percentage who take advantage of the system.

The push-and-pull between the focus on the society and the focus on the individual existed even before the founding of the nation, and this particular Weeble that wobbles between left and right without falling down (yet) has allowed the United States to become the biggest economy in the world in a relatively short period of time, and that’s a good thing.

From an individual perspective, it might not be that intuitive that one needs to be concerned about the “very poor.” After all, with social safety nets, one might think that the “very poor” have little to worry about. Regardless of the existence of programs — both public and private — poverty is still an issue in this country, even if you don’t see it in your daily life as you shuffle in an office building from meeting to meeting or shuttle from city to city on business trips. It’s hard to be concerned about something if you aren’t faced with it every day.

If, however, you are concerned about the “very poor,” there are ways to help, even if you don’t believe that handouts are effective. The most popular rationalization for not caring about poverty is the idea that helping another individual teaches complacency rather than responsibility, interdependence rather than independence. The incorrect assumption is that families in destitute situations have no desire to work for their money like those who have built wealth for themselves and have earned the right to let their money do the work for them and receive income from dividends and interest rather than working in the middle-class and working-middle-class sense of the word.

The real problem is tied into that psychology 101 concept I turn to repeatedly, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. If most waking minutes in your day are spent worrying about your shelter, your food, and having a safe place to sleep, “income mobility” is a fantasy. You’re a victim of “class warfare,” but in your reality, you don’t have time or energy for political arguments about class warfare.

If you are concerned about the very poor, there are options. Helping bring attention to poverty can form provide opportunities to those without them without much sacrifice from those with opportunities.

  • Give money directly to organizations that run programs focusing on providing opportunities. The top-rated charities focusing on poverty according to Charity Navigator are Direct Relief International (although International is in the name, they also work to eliminate domestic poverty, particularly in disaster-stricken areas), SOME (So Others Might Eat, focusing on the D.C. area), and the People’s Resource Center (based in Chicago). If you prefer to give a hand-up rather than a hand-out, focus on organizations that provide job training and placement, programs that expand the reach of educational opportunities, and programs that present positive financial role models.
  • Volunteer with the organizations that run these programs. Build houses. Build schools. Help at a food bank. When you are actively involved, you get to experience the results of your work much more closely than if you were to send a check every month. No, you won’t get a tax deduction for volunteer work, but that’s not the point.
  • Become a community leader. When people from poor communities manage to succeed financially, they often don’t return to be the role model their community needs. This is the reason financial illiteracy is a problem that will continue from generation to generation, keeping low socio-economic status communities from thriving.

Are you concerned about the very poor? Does paying your taxes and being satisfied with existing social safety nets relieve you from any other possible responsibilities for how the country fares as a whole? Do we even have any responsibilities to anyone other than ourselves and our families?

Related: Here’s how you might be able to avoid poverty for your family. Also, could you survive at the poverty line?

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The financial industry has been mostly static for centuries, with companies doing business and offering services not much different from how the companies operated for earlier generations of consumers. When there is innovation in the industry, it generally comes from smaller companies and entrepreneurs looking to fill a need that isn’t covered by larger, less flexible entities.

While today’s start-up companies are changing how customers interact with their money, most of these small business owners have the ultimate goal of selling their businesses to larger, more established companies who will then incorporate these new services if the start-up companies cannot become industry leaders without help. In the mean time, start-ups compete for funding from a growing community of investors in the industry.

Here are ten customer-facing personal finance start-up companies that could help change the way consumers interact with money. Some have already been thriving for a few years, while others are new to the industry. These are not in any particular order.

BrightScope

BrightScope401(k) plans are tough to evaluate from the plan descriptions and prospectuses offered by plan administrators to employees. Employees can’t always choose the best investment options for them due to limitations by plan administrators. Additionally, plan administrators often change available investment options and automatically transfer employees’ money from one fund to another without sufficient notification to the investors.

BrightScope lets employees evaluate their company’s 401(k) plan. If, for example, you have two job offers and you’re comparing compensation, you can take the quality of the 401(k) plan into account by researching these companies. Each company receives an overall rating as well as scores in important categories including total plan cost, company generosity, and participation rate. You can directly compare each company with its industry peers.

BrightScope

The above image shows the overall rating for MetLife. For comparison with other companies in its industry, MetLife’s score of 73 is below Morgan Stanley’s 83.8.

LendingClub and Prosper

LendingClub LogoAs technology advances, it brings manufacturers and customers closer together, often eliminating the need for companies that stand in between, adding to the cost of products and services. In some ways, the financial industry is a “middle man.” Banks take deposits in the form of savings and checking accounts, and turn that money around and lend it to individuals and businesses in need of capital. Peer-to-peer lending companies like LendingClub and Prosper take deposits out of the process; lenders can choose borrowers and lend money directly or invest in a group of loans packaged as an investment product with measured risk.

State regulations prevent peer-to-peer lending from being available to all United States citizens, and the primary concern is that customers who may not be able to take advantage of loans from a bank turn to these options where they can be charged nearly-usurious rates. For many people, however, peer-to-peer lending has provided a solution that banks have been unable to fill, whether for borrowers or investors.

Jemstep

JemstepFor your investments that are not locked in a 401(k) with limited options, like your personal IRA or your taxable investment account, the variety of mutual funds and ETFs available is staggering. And unless you work with an unbiased financial planner, it can be difficult to choose the investments that will give you the best chance of making the most of every dollar you invest.

Jemstep is like an unbiased investment adviser with an immense set of data available to help you make investing decisions. You can create a profile for yourself that reflects your attitudes about investing. Most online investment recommendation engines stop at risk and time profiles, but Jemstep goes much further. You can decide how important fees are, whether you’re looking for actively managed funds or index funds, and whether potential tax plays a role in your investing decisions.

After calibrating your profile, Jemstep can evaluate your current portfolio and offer investment suggestions that are better suited to you.

Today, Jemstep announced it completed its Series A round of financing. Start-up companies look for funding from outside sources to grow their businesses before the business generates enough revenue on its own to finance its own operations. In total, Jemstep has raised $10.5 million from early investors in order to fund product development and hire employees.

HelloWallet

HelloWalletThere’s a need for consumers to better manage their own personal finances. Over the last decade, this has been the realm of software like Quicken and Microsoft Money, but the latter has disappeared from the market and the former is increasingly seen as an outdated piece of software. In recent years, a number of companies had been developing personal finance management software for a new generation, incorporating mobile options and focusing on reporting and trending rather than reconciliation, though the depth offered could not compete with Quicken. Many of these companies have disappeared, and the apparent winner, Mint.com, was purchased by Intuit, the makers of Quicken.

HelloWallet has emerged as a new competitor for Mint.com, but while Mint.com is now free, HelloWallet charges users a fee of $8.95 per month. For the fee, you can be sure that the recommendations you receive are unbiased — companies and products do not pay HelloWallet for advertising placement within the service. The goal of HelloWallet is focused more on overall financial advice than tracking. Mint.com has moved in this direction, as well, however.

Dwolla

DwollaMerchant account service is a big business rules by large companies. Each time you swipe your credit card or debit card, a number of companies get paid in addition to the retailer from which you’re buying a product or service. Small business that need to operate on tight profit margins to compete with larger businesses suffer in these situations, because a larger proportion of their revenue is dedicated to paying these fees.

PayPal entered the marketplace and attempted to shake up the industry, offering a new way for retailers to accept credit card payments and for individuals to initiate person-to-person payments without the help of a bank. Dwolla has taken this model and, rather than relying on linked credit cards, has found away to put the focus on cash. The cash focus could be more financially responsible for a large percentage of customers.

Dwolla charges lower fees and allows users to send cash from person to person or to pay for a purchase using your phone. Customers can transfer payments using e-mail, the web, or social media applications within Facebook and Twitter. By default, the $0.25 fee is paid by the store or the recipient, though the individual initiating the payment can change this option. Transactions less than $10 are free.

SecondMarket and SharesPost

SharesPostThe buzz today is about Facebook’s imminent initial public offering (IPO) of stock. Soon, Facebook will be a public company, and investors will be able to trade shares of the company in a liquid stock exchange. For most people, this will be the first opportunity to invest in Facebook, a company that has grown significantly over the last few years. Of course, those who own part of the company already, like early and current employees, will see the biggest benefit after an IPO, assuming the company continues to grow.

You don’t have to be an employee to own and trade shares of Facebook, however. Two companies have specialized in creating a market between a small number of common or preferred shareholders — usually employees but also capital funds — with the wider audience of investors. I signed up with SharesPost (review here) last year to gain access to Facebook shares.

Occasionally, SharesPost holds an auction of shares held by investors who wish to liquidate their holding for the best price, and investors interested in buying can participate in the auction by naming the amount of shares they’d like to purchase and the price willing to pay. If there’s a match, SharesPost handles the transfer of shares. Surprisingly, the share price for Facebook’s Class B common stock has been stable over the past year, particularly given the volume of trading is significantly lower than it would be on an open market. The price has moved from $33 to $34 per share. It will be interesting to see how the stock performs on the open market.

SecondMarket is similar to SharesPost in that it creates a market for financial products that don’t have an accessible exchange for trading. With SecondMarket, you can trade public equity, fixed income and bankruptcy claims in addition to private shares.

Google Wallet and mFoundry

Google WalletWith technology changing quickly, smaller companies are able to jump on new technology. Google is not exactly a smaller company, but the company’s development operations function like a start-up. Google also has the size to buy smaller companies with innovative ideas early in their development. Google Wallet, however, was developed in-house. New technology in mobile phones makes it easier to transmit information securely in close range, and retailers are using that technology to accept payments without swiping a card. An application stores credit card information, and when a receiving device is in range and the consumer initiates the transaction, his or her device sends the information securely to the retailers.

As more mobile devices incorporate this NFC technology, contactless transactions will continue to increase. This was a hot topic in the media several months ago, and I explained why Google Wallet would not catch on as quickly as people were predicting. Today, Google Wallet is still limited to using only Citi MasterCard credit cards or Google’s own reloadable debit card.

There’s a smaller company that has seemed to penetrate this market deeper from Google. Among mobile payments, mFoundry works with banks and credit unions to develop their own applications based on the company’s technology. I’ve focused on start-up companies that face the public rather than other businesses in this article, but mFoundry does both. Mobile banking has a long road to becoming a mature and ubiquitous service, but it’s these companies that will help bring the innovative services to consumers and bigger financial institutions.

There are many other personal finance start-up companies worth mentioning, but I limited this list to ten across a broad spectrum of personal finance to keep this article interesting and not too long. If you feel I’ve missed something substantial, please feel free to share your thoughts in the discussion area below this article.

Normally, I do not allow business spokespeople to promote their companies in the comments on Consumerism Commentary, but as long as it’s relevant, I’ll allow short comments intended to note companies looking for broader exposure in the personal finance space, but I still reserve the right to edit, moderate, or delete promotional content.

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This is a relatively long review of TurboTax 2012 Online, software for completing tax forms and submitting them to both the federal and state authorities. I’ve updated the review to reflect the changes to the software in 2012 (for filing 2011 tax returns).

Recently, the IRS began accepting federal tax returned filed electronically. Even before the IRS began accepting returns, you could still have completed your tax forms online through software. Programs like TurboTax, H&R Block, and Jackson Hewitt have been accepting customers and holding off on filing until now. This delay affected those who had itemized deductions, claimed the tuition and fees deduction, or claimed the sales tax deduction.

Many taxpayers are just getting started with their 2011 federal returns now. I’ve been using the services of an accountant for the past few years, and he was able to cut through the more confusing tax consequences of owning a business, saving me $15,000. Before my tax situation was complicated, however, I completed my taxes online using various software. Following a series of questions, completing and filing my 1040 form was easy.

Every year, the companies that provide tax e-filing services like TurboTax and H&R Block tweak their products, not only for the latest tax laws, but to improve features, making the process of tax filing easier. I took a look at TurboTax to see what changes the newest edition has to offer.

The first thing I noticed with TurboTax is the wide variety of products they have available. There is an option that is completely free for filing federal returns, but it is limited. This free version is for taxpayers whose returns can be completed using the 1040-EZ form, a simplified version of the 1040 form. If you have deductions, investments, a mortgage, or self-employment income, or if you want a step-by-step hand-holding guide to completing the forms, you will not be able to take advantage of the TurboTax Free Edition.

TurboTax offers several flavors in addition to the Free Edition, including Deluxe, Premier, Home & Business, and Business, each to handling more complicated tax situations above and beyond the lighter editions. The Deluxe Edition focuses on capturing all of your deductions. The Premier Edition does deductions, as well, but also includes the forms you need for investments like stocks, mutual funds, and rental properties. Home & Business covers all of the above as well as self-employment income, and the Business Edition is for anyone who is a partner in or owner of a corporation.

The editions are flexible; start with the Deluxe Edition, and as you come across features you need, TurboTax will ask if you’d like to upgrade — without charging you yet — to the edition that takes all of your needs into account. I started the Deluxe Edition to see how far I could go. I saw that for the most part none of the upgrades are needed if you are confident about your tax accounting abilities and are willing to enter your information directly into forms rather than have the software hold your hand through every decision.

Get your refund in as little as 8 days. E-file with TurboTax today. It’s Easy

Here is an overview of my entire process of completing my federal and state tax returns with TurboTax.

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Last week I met with a Certified Financial Planner for the first time. This was a free service provided by Vanguard, so it was a good opportunity to speak to a professional about my specific situation. For many years, I’ve been relying on mostly generalized advice, whether from books, large communities like the Motley Fool discussion forums (particularly the Living Below Your Means section), financial columnists, or a community of bloggers that has grown from fewer than a dozen to more than a thousand.

My financial planner and I started by discussing my goals. This was tough for me, as I’ve changed my long-term goals several times in the last decade. I’m trying to find the right mission for my life. I’ve made personal finance my passion since the creation of Consumerism Commentary in 2003, but long before that date I was passionate about other aspects of my life. I need to look at how I want to spend the next twenty, thirty, or forty years of my life and some of the more important developments along the way, like having a family.

From a financial standpoint, my next major expenditure will most likely be a house, though that purchase relies on making other choices in my life first.

With my current level of investable net worth — my assets outside of an emergency fund and money put aside for shorter-term goals like a house — I’m willing to give up potential returns in the stock market for less risk. We decided on a mix between 60% stocks and 40% bonds. Complicating the issue is the fact that almost all of my non-cash investments are in stocks. It will be important to look at my portfolio as a whole rather than analyzing my 401(k) separately from my IRA and separately from my taxable account. This is where tools like Quicken, offering charting and reporting across a variety of accounts regardless of where they are held, come in handy.

The 60%/40% split between stock funds and bond funds is more conservative than I would generally recommend for someone my age (thirty-five), but that might be appropriate based on my lower needs for long-term returns and need for maintaining value in the intermediate term as I determine the next steps for my life.

Before discussing specific investments, I made sure the planner was aware that I prefer index mutual funds rather than ETFs, managed mutual funds, or individual investments. The planner suggested that 70% of the stock portion of my portfolio be invested in the Total Stock Market Index with the remaining 30% in the International Stock Market Index. Half of the bond portion of the portfolio should be invested in the Intermediate Tax-Exempt Bond Fund with the other half in the New Jersey Tax-Exempt Municipal Bond Fund. I’m not sure how excited I am about the prospect of investing in New Jersey, but the tax advantage could be helpful.

I brought up the issue of tax efficiency. It was my understanding that tax-efficient investments, such as the bond funds recommended, should be invested in taxable accounts, while investments that did not offer any tax advantages should be invested in retirement plans like 401(k)s and traditional IRAs, where the tax is deferred until retirement. After analyzing my tax situation, the planner concluded the opposite would be true, admitting the idea seemed counter-intuitive. In today’s environment, the tax rate for qualified dividends, the result of stock-based mutual funds, is 15%, while income from bond-based mutual funds is taxed at ordinary income rates.

However, the bond funds he suggested to are federally tax-exempt, and one is also state tax-exempt as long as I continue living in New Jersey. The adviser’s suggestion to invest in bonds in my tax-deferred retirement accounts might make more sense if those investments were not tax-exempt. I think there’s a piece of discussion missing from my notes that might have explained this situation with a more satisfying rationale. I’ll seek a second opinion about this particular aspect of my planning.

With most of my portfolio in cash, the planner suggested moving these funds to stocks and bonds slowly, over the course of eight quarters. Leaving behind any amount I’d like to have let in cash at the end of two years, I would divide the remainder by eight to determine my quarterly investment amount. This method of dollar-cost averaging could ease the pricing risk inherent in investing a lump sum.

If my goal is only to have money for retirement, my time horizon would be long. Again, I’ll need to define some of my life goals to determine time horizons for specific pools of assets. That would be a topic for a later discussion.

In summary, these are the main points of our discussion:

  • Six months to one year of living needs in cash, including an emergency fund and any other spending needs.
  • With the rest, a 60%/40% split between stock funds and bond funds.
  • Using a dollar-cost averaging investing strategy over the next eight quarters for current funds.
  • Add the bond fund portion to 401(k) investments and stock fund portion to taxable investments.

What do you think of this strategy?

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Incomes Decreased More After Recession Than During Recession

by Flexo

A new analysis of household income reveals some statistics that might be counter-intuitive. The study, authored by former Census Bureau economists Gordon W. Green Jr. and John F. Coder and published by Sentier Research, shows that median income for Americans has decreased more sharply during the economic recovery than during the recession. The survey that ... Continue reading this article…

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Quicken 2012 Review With Video

by Flexo
Quicken 2012 Budget Planner

For the last few days, I’ve been testing the new version of Quicken Home and Business. While most people who track their finances have moved to online services like Mint.com, some of us are holding out until the online software offers the same advanced features as the desktop Quicken software. I enjoy my ability to ... Continue reading this article…

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Quicken Loans Review

by Flexo

For the time being, S&P’s downgrade on United States debt has yet to produce an increase in mortgage interest rates as some predicted. Borrowers can still find mortgage loans for such a low cost that if they qualify, low interest rates combined with lower house prices would make owning a house more affordable than ever. ... Continue reading this article…

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Personal Balance Sheet, May 2011 ($844,136, +9.6%)

by Flexo

Over the past few days, I considered making some drastic changes to the way I report my finances at the end of each month. I’ve been trying to decide whether it makes more sense to separate my business accounts from this report and report the numbers separately as I did a few years ago, remove ... Continue reading this article…

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