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The best place to learn solid financial behavior is at home. Although a kid’s environment at school and among peers is important in his or her development, the biggest influence on a growing child’s set of values is the behavior of the parents. Parents are role models, so in a perfect world, they are best suited to solve young adults’ lack of preparedness for handing the world from a financial perspective.

Parents, on the other hand, are often ill-equipped for this responsibility, so public school teachers are left to pick up the slack for parents who can’t or won’t be the role models necessary. The lessons aren’t difficult, but financial behavior is so embedded in life at home, poor models there can easily undo any lessons taught in a school environment. Although New Jersey updates its public school curriculum standards a few years ago to require 2.5 credits in financial, economic, business, and entrepreneurial literacy, the typical class is not going to be effective for establishing solid financial behavior.

Eighth gradePrograms that teach financial literacy need to get creative. If there’s ever a chance for the banking industry to get involved with its future customers at an early age, this is it. Capital One sees the benefit in teaching young children how to use its products and is sponsoring the “Finance Park” program, coordinated by the non-profit organization Junior Achievement.

Finance Park is a mobile program for middle school students. After a few preparatory lessons in the classroom, the students visit one of these mobile stations and a Capital One bank branch. Students are assigned a family situation (single, married, with or without children, etc.) and a job, and are faced with simulations requiring financial decisions that have consequences. Due to a lack of preparedness in real life, most people learn how to manage their money “on the job.” But even in real life, the consequences of poor financial decision-making can be somewhat removed from the decisions themselves. The distance between cause (overspending, for example) and effect (not being able to afford a house due to high debt levels, for example) are so separated that learning on the job isn’t always effective as quickly as it would need to be.

Simulations can bring the cause and effect relationship into focus.

Capital One’s presence is significant in this program. The official name of the initiative is the “Capital One Junior Achievement Finance Park” with the necessary trademark symbols. Corporate involvement doesn’t stop with Capital One. There are more co-branded programs which one might expect to see corporations training young consumers to be life-long customers, in New Jersey alone:

Elementary school grades

  • Our Nation® Sponsored by United Technologies
  • JA More than Money™ (After-school Program) Sponsored by HSBC

Middle school grades

  • JA Global Marketplace™ Sponsored by MasterCard Worldwide
  • JA Economics for Success™ Sponsored by the Allstate Foundation
  • JA America Works Sponsored by Pitney Bowes & The Literacy and Education Fund

High school grades

  • JA TITAN (Internet based) Sponsored by Oracle
  • JA Economics™ Sponsored by the MetLife Foundation
  • JA Exploring Economics™ Sponsored by the MetLife Foundation
  • JA Banks in Action™ Sponsored by the Citi Foundation
  • JA Business Ethics™ Sponsored by Deloitte
  • JA Careers with a Purpose™ Sponsored by HCA & John Templeton Foundation

Junior Achievement programs in other states have different partnerships.

Shareholders are often impressed with corporate involvement in positive social initiatives and happy when companies are beneficiaries of tax incentives for charitable spending. I am concerned about the effect of branding in education lessons for eighth-graders. Corporations should not be involved with the education of children, but these corporations have money to devote to programs like Finance Park. If it weren’t for corporate sponsorship, programs like these would likely not exist.

Corporations have been involved with public education since the 1920s, but the trend has increased in recent years. As the United States falls behind other countries in education, citizens look to blame this country’s public school system. We look to corporations that create charter schools as an alternative, with the idea that schools with a better funding source, corporate profits rather than taxpayer money, will help solve the educational crisis. Results show that charter schools have mixed results when compared with public schools.

The lessons in personal finance are important, so it’s a good thing that kids are getting the exposure to real-life simulations. Can it be done without corporate involvement and indelible branding at an impressionable age?

Photo: daveparker
Junior Achievement Finance Park, Stanford CREDO study

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Unless Congress acts soon, student loans subsidized by the government will become significantly more expensive. Mandated interest rates on subsidized student loans will jump from 3.4% to 6.8% for the 2012-2013 school year. With unemployment still high for recent graduates, increased interest rates will add to the debt burden. Tuition costs are still increasing as is the cost of living.

Without a job or in other economic hardship, an individual with student loan debt can defer payments. Student loan deferment delays the debt without increasing the amount of interest owed on the loan.

College studentsThe availability of easy credit for education has certainly helped a larger segment of society obtain an undergraduate degree, but it has also encouraged institutions to raise prices. Knowing that the market can continue to bear significant increases in tuition, there is no end in sight for these climbing fees.

Going into debt to receive a college education and degree has become the norm. It is possible, however, to go to college without getting into debt. Author and University of Massachusetts alumnus Zac Bissonnette has explored this idea, as we’ve discussed on an earlier podcast.

Cancelling the planned student loan interest rate increase, scheduled to go into effect on July 1, has a cost to taxpayers. The public is subsidizing these loans — so the financial institutions that offer the loans to students can continue to profit while students are in school. According to lawmakers, this subsidy at the low interest rate costs the government $6 billion a year.

Both Barack Obama and Mitt Romney support extending the lower interest rate, with the Democrats saying they could pay to extend the lower interest rate by changing the tax code to require small business owners who file their taxes for a business entity classified as an S Corporation to pay self-employment taxes on the full business income.

Thanks to the availability of student loans and the G.I. Bill, college education is attainable for everyone who wants it. But as the percentage of college graduates within the American population has increased, the ability to use that degree to differentiate oneself in a competitive employment marketplace has diminished.

Meanwhile, the cost to attain that degree has continued to increase with no end in sight. Some might argue the quality of that degree in general has decreased as well, and question whether a degree is worth the investment of time and money. The perceived reduction of value draws students and their influential parents to better-branded institutions; if the degree itself can’t differentiate someone from a crowd, perhaps a degree branded with Harvard or Yale will set the student apart.

Extending the low interest rates will keep a college education more affordable for families who need financial aid and will emphasize the idea that a college education is important for every individual who wants the sociological and financial advantages that the degree might provide. It won’t solve the problem of ever-increasing costs to attend college.

Photo: Pink Sherbet Photography
CNN, New York Times

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The financial industry has been mostly static for centuries, with companies doing business and offering services not much different from how the companies operated for earlier generations of consumers. When there is innovation in the industry, it generally comes from smaller companies and entrepreneurs looking to fill a need that isn’t covered by larger, less flexible entities.

While today’s start-up companies are changing how customers interact with their money, most of these small business owners have the ultimate goal of selling their businesses to larger, more established companies who will then incorporate these new services if the start-up companies cannot become industry leaders without help. In the mean time, start-ups compete for funding from a growing community of investors in the industry.

Here are ten customer-facing personal finance start-up companies that could help change the way consumers interact with money. Some have already been thriving for a few years, while others are new to the industry. These are not in any particular order.

BrightScope

BrightScope401(k) plans are tough to evaluate from the plan descriptions and prospectuses offered by plan administrators to employees. Employees can’t always choose the best investment options for them due to limitations by plan administrators. Additionally, plan administrators often change available investment options and automatically transfer employees’ money from one fund to another without sufficient notification to the investors.

BrightScope lets employees evaluate their company’s 401(k) plan. If, for example, you have two job offers and you’re comparing compensation, you can take the quality of the 401(k) plan into account by researching these companies. Each company receives an overall rating as well as scores in important categories including total plan cost, company generosity, and participation rate. You can directly compare each company with its industry peers.

BrightScope

The above image shows the overall rating for MetLife. For comparison with other companies in its industry, MetLife’s score of 73 is below Morgan Stanley’s 83.8.

LendingClub and Prosper

LendingClub LogoAs technology advances, it brings manufacturers and customers closer together, often eliminating the need for companies that stand in between, adding to the cost of products and services. In some ways, the financial industry is a “middle man.” Banks take deposits in the form of savings and checking accounts, and turn that money around and lend it to individuals and businesses in need of capital. Peer-to-peer lending companies like LendingClub and Prosper take deposits out of the process; lenders can choose borrowers and lend money directly or invest in a group of loans packaged as an investment product with measured risk.

State regulations prevent peer-to-peer lending from being available to all United States citizens, and the primary concern is that customers who may not be able to take advantage of loans from a bank turn to these options where they can be charged nearly-usurious rates. For many people, however, peer-to-peer lending has provided a solution that banks have been unable to fill, whether for borrowers or investors.

Jemstep

JemstepFor your investments that are not locked in a 401(k) with limited options, like your personal IRA or your taxable investment account, the variety of mutual funds and ETFs available is staggering. And unless you work with an unbiased financial planner, it can be difficult to choose the investments that will give you the best chance of making the most of every dollar you invest.

Jemstep is like an unbiased investment adviser with an immense set of data available to help you make investing decisions. You can create a profile for yourself that reflects your attitudes about investing. Most online investment recommendation engines stop at risk and time profiles, but Jemstep goes much further. You can decide how important fees are, whether you’re looking for actively managed funds or index funds, and whether potential tax plays a role in your investing decisions.

After calibrating your profile, Jemstep can evaluate your current portfolio and offer investment suggestions that are better suited to you.

Today, Jemstep announced it completed its Series A round of financing. Start-up companies look for funding from outside sources to grow their businesses before the business generates enough revenue on its own to finance its own operations. In total, Jemstep has raised $10.5 million from early investors in order to fund product development and hire employees.

HelloWallet

HelloWalletThere’s a need for consumers to better manage their own personal finances. Over the last decade, this has been the realm of software like Quicken and Microsoft Money, but the latter has disappeared from the market and the former is increasingly seen as an outdated piece of software. In recent years, a number of companies had been developing personal finance management software for a new generation, incorporating mobile options and focusing on reporting and trending rather than reconciliation, though the depth offered could not compete with Quicken. Many of these companies have disappeared, and the apparent winner, Mint.com, was purchased by Intuit, the makers of Quicken.

HelloWallet has emerged as a new competitor for Mint.com, but while Mint.com is now free, HelloWallet charges users a fee of $8.95 per month. For the fee, you can be sure that the recommendations you receive are unbiased — companies and products do not pay HelloWallet for advertising placement within the service. The goal of HelloWallet is focused more on overall financial advice than tracking. Mint.com has moved in this direction, as well, however.

Dwolla

DwollaMerchant account service is a big business rules by large companies. Each time you swipe your credit card or debit card, a number of companies get paid in addition to the retailer from which you’re buying a product or service. Small business that need to operate on tight profit margins to compete with larger businesses suffer in these situations, because a larger proportion of their revenue is dedicated to paying these fees.

PayPal entered the marketplace and attempted to shake up the industry, offering a new way for retailers to accept credit card payments and for individuals to initiate person-to-person payments without the help of a bank. Dwolla has taken this model and, rather than relying on linked credit cards, has found away to put the focus on cash. The cash focus could be more financially responsible for a large percentage of customers.

Dwolla charges lower fees and allows users to send cash from person to person or to pay for a purchase using your phone. Customers can transfer payments using e-mail, the web, or social media applications within Facebook and Twitter. By default, the $0.25 fee is paid by the store or the recipient, though the individual initiating the payment can change this option. Transactions less than $10 are free.

SecondMarket and SharesPost

SharesPostThe buzz today is about Facebook’s imminent initial public offering (IPO) of stock. Soon, Facebook will be a public company, and investors will be able to trade shares of the company in a liquid stock exchange. For most people, this will be the first opportunity to invest in Facebook, a company that has grown significantly over the last few years. Of course, those who own part of the company already, like early and current employees, will see the biggest benefit after an IPO, assuming the company continues to grow.

You don’t have to be an employee to own and trade shares of Facebook, however. Two companies have specialized in creating a market between a small number of common or preferred shareholders — usually employees but also capital funds — with the wider audience of investors. I signed up with SharesPost (review here) last year to gain access to Facebook shares.

Occasionally, SharesPost holds an auction of shares held by investors who wish to liquidate their holding for the best price, and investors interested in buying can participate in the auction by naming the amount of shares they’d like to purchase and the price willing to pay. If there’s a match, SharesPost handles the transfer of shares. Surprisingly, the share price for Facebook’s Class B common stock has been stable over the past year, particularly given the volume of trading is significantly lower than it would be on an open market. The price has moved from $33 to $34 per share. It will be interesting to see how the stock performs on the open market.

SecondMarket is similar to SharesPost in that it creates a market for financial products that don’t have an accessible exchange for trading. With SecondMarket, you can trade public equity, fixed income and bankruptcy claims in addition to private shares.

Google Wallet and mFoundry

Google WalletWith technology changing quickly, smaller companies are able to jump on new technology. Google is not exactly a smaller company, but the company’s development operations function like a start-up. Google also has the size to buy smaller companies with innovative ideas early in their development. Google Wallet, however, was developed in-house. New technology in mobile phones makes it easier to transmit information securely in close range, and retailers are using that technology to accept payments without swiping a card. An application stores credit card information, and when a receiving device is in range and the consumer initiates the transaction, his or her device sends the information securely to the retailers.

As more mobile devices incorporate this NFC technology, contactless transactions will continue to increase. This was a hot topic in the media several months ago, and I explained why Google Wallet would not catch on as quickly as people were predicting. Today, Google Wallet is still limited to using only Citi MasterCard credit cards or Google’s own reloadable debit card.

There’s a smaller company that has seemed to penetrate this market deeper from Google. Among mobile payments, mFoundry works with banks and credit unions to develop their own applications based on the company’s technology. I’ve focused on start-up companies that face the public rather than other businesses in this article, but mFoundry does both. Mobile banking has a long road to becoming a mature and ubiquitous service, but it’s these companies that will help bring the innovative services to consumers and bigger financial institutions.

There are many other personal finance start-up companies worth mentioning, but I limited this list to ten across a broad spectrum of personal finance to keep this article interesting and not too long. If you feel I’ve missed something substantial, please feel free to share your thoughts in the discussion area below this article.

Normally, I do not allow business spokespeople to promote their companies in the comments on Consumerism Commentary, but as long as it’s relevant, I’ll allow short comments intended to note companies looking for broader exposure in the personal finance space, but I still reserve the right to edit, moderate, or delete promotional content.

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It may be illegal for states to print money for commerce, but local communities have no such restriction from the federal government. And in some communities, local currencies have been successful, at least in gaining the support of some retailers and consumers.

There’s no law of nature that says that an economy functions best when the broadest number of people use one currency exclusively. Currency is just a placeholder that creates efficiency. Without it, we’d have to barter for products and services. Without currency, a tailor would need to trade his services whenever he wanted to buy food for his family. In a free market, theoretically, anything could be used as a currency. The government or quasi-government organizations help by establishing a currency as a standard, so there is faith in its consistency.

Dollar currencyNot everyone is satisfied with this solution, however.

A community may start its own currency for a few reasons:

  • Local currencies can help keep more funds invested in the community instead of helping national or global companies profit. When you buy a light bulb at Home Depot, part of that profit goes to the headquarters, and eventually shareholders, including global investors. When you buy a light bulb at a local hardware store whose owners live within the community, more of that profit stays in town — but not all unless the light bulb supplier and manufacturer is also in town.
  • When companies pay a part of their employees’ salaries in local currency, or when a consumer participates in a community marketplace by selling their items or services while taking payment in the local currency, the profit stays in the community.
  • A town or city bonded together by a unique currency builds the sense of community and encourages businesses to work together, not just for the greater economic benefit of the town, but to ensure that all consumers and retailers engaging in economic activity using the currency remain good citizens and fair businesses.
  • Local currencies present an alternative choice for people who believe the federal government cannot be trusted with the responsibility of ensuring economic stability through monetary policy. A community-based financial system can help people in the community feel better about threats of inflation or devaluation.
  • With local currency in hand, a customer will peruse the directory of merchants accepting the currency and make purchasing decisions based on this list, effectively ignoring companies whose profits benefit those outside the community.

In Philadelphia, the “equal dollar” is a local currency that has flourished for over a decade. Philadelphians can earn equal dollars by volunteering in the community or by selling items. There is a $10 (USD) membership fee and a =$50 (equal dollars) sign-up bonus for individuals; merchants can join for a $25 (USD) fee and receive a =$125 (equal dollars) bonus. It’s unclear how many merchants accept equal dollars, but those who do often require the bulk of the transaction to be in U.S. dollars.

This system isn’t too far removed from certain gift cards. Replace the idea of the community with a mall, and you’ll recognize the paradigm. One of my local indoor malls is owned by a national mall company. They offer gift cards that can be used in any store within any of this company’s branded malls. This is a currency as reliable as the U.S. dollar (as the value is denominated in dollars, not a separate currency of its own), but just like a local currency that ties its spending to the community, the gift cards tie spending to stores that pay rent for space in the mall properties.

Philadelphia is not the only community that has created its own currency to increase local solidarity. You can find local currencies in the Berkshire region of Massachusetts, Seattle, Portland, and Traverse City, Michigan.

I’d be concerned about counterfeit currency. Official government currency like the U.S. dollar is though to counterfeit effectively due to a large number of security measures, but it seems to me that this technology is not readily available to whatever printing services are used by communities that offer their own currency. Of course, since the U.S. dollar is incredibly popular, more counterfeiters aim at overcoming the security measures. Thus, popular currencies may be subject to fraud more than a community currency, but the concern still exists.

Would you use a local currency to replace some or all of your U.S. dollar use in your community?

Images_of_Money

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