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How to Solve the Financial Literacy Problem

This article was written by Flexo in Featured, Financial Literacy. 22 comments.

Opinions are generally clear about why such a large percentage of the American population winds up in financial jeopardy. There’s no formalized way to learn how to use money properly and with the best results; most people learn by experience. It would save a lot of headaches if we could somehow warn people in advance that they’ll need to consider finances in their choices in their life in order to build wealth over time, and that lesson would have more meaning if we could somehow extol the virtues of financial independence.

Financial literacy advocacy programs try to address this problem. Encouraging good behavior with money at an early age could help increase the probability of achieving financial success in the future. With efforts conforming to this principle, some high schools offer money management classes while some companies like ING Direct offer tools to help younger students learn about money management. Neither of these approaches have been proven to have any long-term positive effect.

Kid with money I’ve previously discussed the limitations with money management classes in high schools. First of all, if a child doesn’t receive the first lesson with money until he or she is a teenager, the student has already formed an attitude about money that will define the relationship during the important formative years when he or she later begins earning money for living for the first time. At the age when children are forming their money personalities, they are most influenced by parents. If the parents aren’t making an effort to set a good environment and example for handling money, it will negate any effect by a money management class as a teenager.

Most teachers are not trained in personal finance, so they cannot provide the best instruction. And without mandatory money management classes, only a small percentage of students will choose this class as an elective. Those who choose this class make this choice at the expense of other possible electives, many of which enrich the mind rather than purport to enrich the wallet.

At the same time, society can’t rely solely on parents to transmit good financial habits to their children, even if the right tools are provided by outside sources to help those parents.

The problem of poor money management skills manifests itself in lower-income communities more than middle-class areas. Change, in the form of professing the opportunities that one can enjoy through financial independence, must come from within the community. It’s important for successful individuals to be involved with the community, serving as a role model, particularly when parents don’t have the skills or resources to serve in that role. Poor financial management and a lack of economic mobility can become a cycle. As a child grows up without a great financial role model, he or she will continue to be poor role models to his or her children.

The only way out is to break the cycle, and the only way to break the cycle is for successful individuals to assume the job of parents as financial role models.

Photo: Pink Sherbet Photography

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Good Debt and Bad Debt

This article was written by Flexo in Debt Reduction. 16 comments.

Misuse of credit can destroy a family’s financial life. A household can crumble under the weight of debt, whether it has increased from a poor house-purchasing decision, a drastic change in the real estate market, a shopping addiction, an unexpected medical bill, or the lack of preparedness for an emergency. It’s no surprise people consider debt to be “bad.”

Is there any situation where debt can be “good?”

I have a problem with the good debt vs. bad debt argument. Good and bad are polar opposites, and most issues tend to sit somewhere on a spectrum between two extremes. In fact, issues don’t often sit; they can shift position. The requirement to declare anything, particularly “debt” as a concept, as either good or bad is oversimplification. There’s a tendency to want to make issues simple. Catchy soundbites reducing issues to the most basic terms attract people, and no one ever won a Presidential election while talking about nuances.

See-saw People who are looking to sell you something, like car salesmen, college recruiters, investment professionals, and real estate brokers, are more likely to be willing to point out how debt can be used effectively.

In real estate transactions, debt allows more families to afford a house, and in some cases, that could mean a healthier environment for raising children. Leverage also helps you reflect a higher rate of return if your home value increases and you decide to sell.
If you can borrow money at a low interest rate and use that cash to invest at a higher rate of return, you are using someone else’s money to benefit yourself financially. You can pocket the difference in interest rates or rates of return.
Getting a college education increases your lifetime earning potential, and going into debt for a bachelor’s degree could pay off.
If you work in a career where image is important, a higher-priced and otherwise-unaffordable car could help you succeed in your business.

Risk makes debt dangerous. There’s a risk that house prices go down. Since the housing bubble burst, that risk should be more apparent. Leverage may amplify your return, but it also makes losses more severe. You could lose your house. If your hot investment doesn’t pan out, you might not be able to pay back your borrowed money. If you find yourself in a career not earning much money, you could struggle to pay off your student loan debt. Using debt to focus your image doesn’t always pay off.

You can only determine whether a risk, like borrowing, is worthwhile after the fact. Hindsight provides perspective. If borrowing allowed you to triumph financially, it was “good” debt. If the debt was unmanageable or caused financial ruin, it was “bad” debt. Taking on debt to purchase an asset that increases in value would always be “good,” while using debt to finance an asset that decreases in value would always be “bad.” The problem is being able to accurately predict the future. The assets we hope will increase would be a house, an investment portfolio, lifetime earning potential, and career opportunities.

The determination of whether debt is “good” or “bad” also depends on the individual or household involved. What could be a good use of debt for one family might not be a good use for another.

There are often other options rather than increasing debt. While it may be expensive to attend an out-of-state private college, you could save money by enrolling in an in-state public college or by taking advantage of grants and scholarships. The Consumerism Commentary Podcast interview with Zac Bissonnette, author of Debt-Free U: How I Paid for an Outstanding College Education Without Loans, Scholarships, or Mooching off My Parents, can offer more insights on how to obtain a valuable college degree without going into debt.

If you are able to postpone desires until you’ve diligently saved for a purchase, you can avoid debt and its possible pitfalls. Not everyone has the opportunity to save, though. A college graduate without any money might need to buy work-appropriate clothing in order to get a job. The credit card comes out, and she buys a week’s worth of outfits to get her to the first paycheck. This may not be “good” debt, but if she didn’t earn and save enough money while achieving her degree, it could be a short-term necessity.

Then again, another way to look at this need for credit to prepare for the first week in a professional environment is an excuse for not following a solid financial plan over the course of her higher education and the start of her life as an adult.

In another example, a savvy investor could use borrowed money to invest in a business that succeeds. Financial analysts can often determine whether a risk is acceptable, and individual investors can use the same approach. For example, if you could borrow a sum of money at an introductory rate of 0% APR on a credit card for 12 months with no fee, as new customers of this Discover More Card offer can do right now, deposit that in a savings account with 1% interest, you can keep the proceeds as long as you pay the credit card bill on time each month and in full by the end of the introductory period. Back when interest rates were higher, this “credit card balance arbitrage” was a more worthwhile endeavor.

Today, however, most investments that would make borrowing money from a 0% APR credit card worthwhile are riskier than a savings account. Even when the safe interest you could earn was more favorable, there was always a risk of missing a credit card payment and owing penalties and interest to the issuer. If you completed the arbitrage scheme and succeeded in increasing your bank account balance, you’d consider that debt to be good. If not, the debt would be bad.

Do you believe that all debt is bad debt, or are there some situations where it’s worthwhile to pay interest and accept the risk of defaulting?

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Choosing a Career Path By Chasing Hot Jobs

This article was written by Flexo in Career and Work. 11 comments.

A recent article in Fortune Magazine predicts that one of the hottest jobs ten years from now will be data scientist. If this prediction is true, parents of teenagers in their first year of high school and their parents might consider encouraging their kids to develop the skills necessary to be in high demand by the time they earn their bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

To excel at data science, which is currently a growing field, though I’ve more often seen it labeled information science, students should develop strong skills in mathematics and technology.

In the Bakken area of North Dakota, the hunt for oil has created lucrative jobs today. There is a need for just about every type of career at this location, from burger-flippers to geologists. Unemployed people have been relocating their families to North Dakota in search of well-paying new jobs.

Oil field pipes From a financial perspective, it could be beneficial to be aware of what the market needs and fashion your career path in that direction. The flexibility to react to the economy is a human capital strength, and will help ensure you can generate income regardless of the strength of the broader job market. Today’s popular careers may be short-lived, however. While there’s an oil rush today in North Dakota, a longer career path may involve environmental science or alternative energy.

Attempting to predict hot careers in the future is riskier than chasing today’s in-demand careers because you could spend years of your life preparing for a specific job function. If that career doesn’t prove to be as necessary as previously thought, and you’re unable to find a job in that field, you might consider many years of your life wasted.

I lean more towards looking within when determining the career or jobs best suited for an individual. Skills and interest pay a large role. If you are able to make a career out of something about which you’re passionate, you’re more likely to succeed. Working will be enjoyable, and you’ll likely be more dedicated to your job. There’s a good chance, however, unless your passions coincide with a high-paying field, that following your passion is a luxury; it may not be a path that proves to be lucrative.

People in tougher financial situations need to be practical. Many parents have encouraged their children to develop skills in practical fields that have a chance of surviving any recession, perhaps due to experience living and struggling through recessions of the past.

Would you change your career to something popular now to try to improve your financial situation? Would you consider planning a career path based on what might be needed in a future decade?

Photo: lindsey gee
Fortune, CNN Money

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How to Love Cooking

This article was written by Forest in Frugality. 44 comments.

This is a guest post by Forest from Frugal Zeitgeist. Forest writes about frugality, finance, minimalism and lifestyle. In this article, Forest shares his experiences in the kitchen. Cooking great meals is a great way to save money and stay healthy, but it’s a skill that I haven’t developed for myself. Passion can boost motivation, though, and this article might help me find that passion about preparing meals.

When Flexo wrote about alternative financial resolutions he mentioned the idea of cooking more often at home. Cooking at home is often described as a way to save money. It will do that if you replace your dining-out habit, but it does much more than just improve your finances. Cooking can quickly become an enjoyable hobby, and when you get into the groove you can even use it to impress your friends. The health aspects cannot be overlooked, either. Replacing processed foods and restaurant foods with home-cooked versions, where you know the ingredients, will affect you and your family’s diet in a positive way.

But you can’t just expect to fire up the stove and produce an award-winning dish. Learning to cook takes time and patience. You will fail, and you will find that at times cooking isn’t as economical as you originally thought it would be. Investing in a stock of spices and speciality ingredients can quickly blow a shopping budget!

In this post I want to share my journey into the wonderful world of cooking at home and then hopefully convince you to make it a regular activity and a beloved hobby.

How I found my passion in cooking

Toast I never learned to cook anything as a kid. My kitchen wizardry stopped at being able to “cook” a perfect slice of toast and heat an egg in hot oil. Sometimes I would experiment, but I’ll skip the tales of my candy-bar sandwich and curry hot chocolate. When I moved out of my parents’ home at the age of seventeen, I sucked at cooking.

Luckily I had a corner store within twenty seconds of my house. I became a wiz at putting plastic-wrapped steak bakes and hamburgers into the microwave, and later I even progressed to turning on the oven to warm up a frozen pizza. Breakfast cereal was a favorite dinner of mine too. Cheerios for dinner! Yum!

This went on for quite some time. When I turned eighteen and started to throw regular pints of beer into the mix, my belly decided to grow big and round. Through the age of twenty, not much changed apart from my pants size.

Weight is easy to put on and reasonably easy to fix, but the bad habits had been affecting another aspect of my life, something not immediately apparent to most around me. As my belly grew, so did my overdraft. My money situation wasn’t going too well.

In addressing the cash flow problem, I knew I had to make all sorts of cut-backs. It wasn’t exactly a secret to me that my processed food habit was costing me a lot of money and I decided to tackle it by learning how to cook at home. This was also around the same time that I became vegetarian, which seriously reduced the selection of ready-made foods I could purchase at the corner store.

One of my first trips to the supermarket after the decision involved me stocking up on spaghetti, cans of tomatoes, dried basil, salt, pepper and lots of fruit.

I remember throwing myself head first into cooking, just like the way I refused to read instructions when I got a Transformer for Christmas. I didn’t read any cookery books.

For one of my first home cooked meals, I threw a few cans of tomatoes into a large wok with a little oil. I tossed in a load of basil, a little salt and let it simmer for quite a few hours. The result was better than you may think for a first attempt, and although the work was minimal, I enjoyed throwing some stuff in a pot and coming out with an edible meal. I was intrigued enough to learn more.

I continued to develop my “tomatoes and stuff in wok” speciality and would try adding different veggies and herbs. One important thing I did do was learn the basics. This included cooking eggs in their various forms, the basics about herbs, simple stir fry, fried rice, stews and chilis. Occasionally I would follow a recipe.

The big change for me came when I quit my job and moved from England to Canada. I found food to be even more expensive in Canada, and my budget was very thin. I had left behind a high-paying job in London and was now washing dishes in a pub kitchen. Of course being around cooking all day was part of my inspiration, but working out how the hell to feed myself on minimum wage was the real kick in the butt.

I started to buy a lot of raw ingredients and had moved in with my girlfriend. A student and a kitchen boy needed some entertainment and that was where Manjula came in! We enjoyed making dinner together, even though it was stir fry most nights. Cooking with your family and friends can be a lot of fun and a motivation to push yourself forward. We both enjoyed curry so we learned how to cook it properly. I started to search for recipes online, and I discovered Manjula’s Kitchen on Youtube. Manjula cooks a lot of great Indian dishes and her lackluster commentary creates a homey, “I can do this” vibe that I found quite warming. After my first Manjula curry I was hooked.

I was being reeled into this cooking thing.

When you make that great meal, something you never thought you could make, it’s like you finally get it. Cooking can be drudgery, especially when you have to cook for many and you just don’t enjoy it. I look at it like painting. Painting a house is boring as hell, and the outcome is nice, but nothing special. Paint a picture and you enjoy the whole process and the outcome immensely. If you approach cooking like painting a picture you’ll enjoy it very much.

Next up for me was my other favorite food, bread. I had a drunken conversation with a Mexican lady who convinced me tortillas were just flour and water cooked in a flat pan. I had flour and water at home so a day or so later I mashed them together into a dough, rolled them into tortilla-shaped discs using a Snapple bottle, and fried them in a hot pan. Like my very first tomato experiment, it worked again — not perfect, but within reach of being able to be called bread!

This put me on a bread kick and I turned to the internet for a real loaf. The first recipe I ever used is one I still use today, and variations on the dough are easy to experiment with. There is something calming about kneading dough and something very satisfying about eating it hot out of the oven.

Where I am today?

I cook almost every day. Cooking is a hobby and something I do almost without thinking. I’ll happily tackle any kind of cusine and challenge myself to new recipes on a regular basis. I’m not afraid to pick up something I have never seen before and experiment with it. I still make a lot of mistakes but that is half of the fun.

Along with my confidence, my knowledge of food sourcing and nutrition has increased. I try to buy in-season foods and balance my diet with meals that contain the right amount of carbs, proteins, good fats and all of that stuff.

I absolutely adore cooking. Food is something we all need, but good food is something we all love. The smugness and satisfaction from being able to match meals at your favorite restaurants is unbelievable. Cooking isn’t an art or skill that only a few people have, it can be learned. If you keep at it, you will learn. You’ll want to share your new-found love with friends, and they’ll get the bug too.

Tips to start cooking

Starting off any new endeavor that you hope to grow into a hobby can be tough work. If things don’t work out the first time, it is easy to give up. Often, fear of failure, poor early results and lack of time push people back to TV dinners and prepared meals. Like any feat you want to achieve, you need to go in knowing that you will fail, you will make terrible food, and your journey from a person who reads recipes to a full-fledged cook will not be linear.

Making failure part of the learning process will guard your self-esteem enough to help you get through the rough patches. Set goals and make time for cooking. Instead of going to the pub, stay home and follow a recipe, bake a cake for the family, or go shopping for a cook book.

I would suggest you set goals centered around being able to cook your favorite meal or a favorite meal for your family, learning to cook a few dishes of a certain cuisine, or replacing a regular store-bought item with a homemade alternative. The goal should be something that matters to you and keeps you focused. A solid option is baking bread that is better than the store variety. It’s not easy but a skill that is a lot fun — and messy — to learn.

As your cooking progresses something will happen. Your lack of confidence will subside and you’ll fall into the groove I mentioned earlier. For me, indicators of this were being able to add ingredients without measurement and being able to open anyone’s pantry and put together a meal without a recipe book. At this stage, you won’t be a master chef, but you’ll be competent and confident enough to take on any recipe.

Experimentation is very important and is key to discovering the joy of cooking. If you think chocolate and chili pepper would be good on pork, try it. If you are bored at home, just grab some random ingredients and see what you can cook up.

Make cooking social

Keeping cooking a lonseome pursuit could stop it from progressing into a full-fledged hobby, so it’s important to share. Sharing the cooking and eating experience with friends and family is one of the best parts.

I remember baking cakes as a young kid with my grandma, and I think baking and cooking with kids is a great learning tool. I wish cooking with my parents had been a part of my whole life. Cooking with your partner also brings in a new intimacy to a relationship and shares a responsibility that is often left to one person, most often the woman.

Expanding beyond family, it’s great to host potluck meals or host a dinner party on rotation. Friends of mine set up a little club where four couples set four Saturday nights aside. Each Saturday night, the eight people would all visit one house, and the hosts would cook a three-course meal. The result was that it pushed everyone in that group to try to up their cooking game, and it was somewhat competitive. The dinner parties were successful enough that they have all improved their cooking skills.

Get started

Asparagus I hope I have you convinced to give it a try and I hope you have overcome any apprehension. You may not even enjoy cooking at first, but you’ll enjoy the challenge. Here are some tips to help you get started. Please come back to let us know how it went.

Cook a basic flat bread that can be used for lunches, side dishes and more.
Bake a real loaf of bread. This is the very first basic bread recipe I ever used, and it’s good.
Find an online video recipe for your favorite restaurant meal and try to make it.
Use the ingredients in your pantry and create a random meal. It doesn’t matter if it turns out bad, just mess around!
Try another favorite dish or two from another part of the world.
Invite a friend over for dinner and you cook. They can bring the wine.

Good luck with your new money-saving, healthy hobby.

Please don’t hesitate to ask any questions, or ask for any resources, ideas or anything that comes to mind. If you love cooking, what inspired you to start?

Photos: John McClumpha, jeffreyw, woodleywonderworks

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Podcast 140: Kidworth

by Flexo

Today on the Consumerism Commentary Podcast, Tom Dziubek talks to Rudy DeFelice, founder of the financial management tool for children and parents, Kidworth. Rudy discusses several topics about Kidworth including what it does, what inspired him to found it, as well as how Kidworth can help children save towards different financial goals. Consumerism Commentary Podcast ... Continue reading this article…

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Saving $300,000 By Age Eighteen

by Flexo

CNN Money is featuring stories from six young Americans, all of whom have managed to save substantial amounts of money as kids. When I was a teenager, saving money was never a priority for me. I understood the concepts, but I was more concerned with other things in my life: my hobbies, activities, school, and ... Continue reading this article…

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Boost Your Human Capital: Start Early

by Flexo

Your human capital is just as important as your financial capital. In fact, it wouldn’t be a stretch to consider your human capital, your potential to become financially independent over time, more important than your net worth at any one particular time. Over the past few weeks, I’ve been writing in depth about ways to ... Continue reading this article…

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Wealth Gap: Young Vs. Old

by Flexo

The wealth gap is growing, and if the Occupy Wall Street and its satellite protests are any indication, those not within the top one percent of income earners are not happy with their circumstances or the policies that help foster the wealth of those at the top. It’s been called class warfare, but there are ... Continue reading this article…

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