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Whether you agree with it or not, the reason this country has supported programs like welfare, Social Security, the GI Bill, food stamps, Medicare, government-backed mortgages, FEMA insurance, and other social programs is because a modern society benefits when as many citizens as possible have opportunities to succeed financially. Social programs aren’t perfect and don’t always provide what they promise, and there’s always a small percentage who take advantage of the system.

The push-and-pull between the focus on the society and the focus on the individual existed even before the founding of the nation, and this particular Weeble that wobbles between left and right without falling down (yet) has allowed the United States to become the biggest economy in the world in a relatively short period of time, and that’s a good thing.

From an individual perspective, it might not be that intuitive that one needs to be concerned about the “very poor.” After all, with social safety nets, one might think that the “very poor” have little to worry about. Regardless of the existence of programs — both public and private — poverty is still an issue in this country, even if you don’t see it in your daily life as you shuffle in an office building from meeting to meeting or shuttle from city to city on business trips. It’s hard to be concerned about something if you aren’t faced with it every day.

If, however, you are concerned about the “very poor,” there are ways to help, even if you don’t believe that handouts are effective. The most popular rationalization for not caring about poverty is the idea that helping another individual teaches complacency rather than responsibility, interdependence rather than independence. The incorrect assumption is that families in destitute situations have no desire to work for their money like those who have built wealth for themselves and have earned the right to let their money do the work for them and receive income from dividends and interest rather than working in the middle-class and working-middle-class sense of the word.

The real problem is tied into that psychology 101 concept I turn to repeatedly, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. If most waking minutes in your day are spent worrying about your shelter, your food, and having a safe place to sleep, “income mobility” is a fantasy. You’re a victim of “class warfare,” but in your reality, you don’t have time or energy for political arguments about class warfare.

If you are concerned about the very poor, there are options. Helping bring attention to poverty can form provide opportunities to those without them without much sacrifice from those with opportunities.

  • Give money directly to organizations that run programs focusing on providing opportunities. The top-rated charities focusing on poverty according to Charity Navigator are Direct Relief International (although International is in the name, they also work to eliminate domestic poverty, particularly in disaster-stricken areas), SOME (So Others Might Eat, focusing on the D.C. area), and the People’s Resource Center (based in Chicago). If you prefer to give a hand-up rather than a hand-out, focus on organizations that provide job training and placement, programs that expand the reach of educational opportunities, and programs that present positive financial role models.
  • Volunteer with the organizations that run these programs. Build houses. Build schools. Help at a food bank. When you are actively involved, you get to experience the results of your work much more closely than if you were to send a check every month. No, you won’t get a tax deduction for volunteer work, but that’s not the point.
  • Become a community leader. When people from poor communities manage to succeed financially, they often don’t return to be the role model their community needs. This is the reason financial illiteracy is a problem that will continue from generation to generation, keeping low socio-economic status communities from thriving.

Are you concerned about the very poor? Does paying your taxes and being satisfied with existing social safety nets relieve you from any other possible responsibilities for how the country fares as a whole? Do we even have any responsibilities to anyone other than ourselves and our families?

Related: Here’s how you might be able to avoid poverty for your family. Also, could you survive at the poverty line?

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Opinions are generally clear about why such a large percentage of the American population winds up in financial jeopardy. There’s no formalized way to learn how to use money properly and with the best results; most people learn by experience. It would save a lot of headaches if we could somehow warn people in advance that they’ll need to consider finances in their choices in their life in order to build wealth over time, and that lesson would have more meaning if we could somehow extol the virtues of financial independence.

Financial literacy advocacy programs try to address this problem. Encouraging good behavior with money at an early age could help increase the probability of achieving financial success in the future. With efforts conforming to this principle, some high schools offer money management classes while some companies like ING Direct offer tools to help younger students learn about money management. Neither of these approaches have been proven to have any long-term positive effect.

Kid with moneyI’ve previously discussed the limitations with money management classes in high schools. First of all, if a child doesn’t receive the first lesson with money until he or she is a teenager, the student has already formed an attitude about money that will define the relationship during the important formative years when he or she later begins earning money for living for the first time. At the age when children are forming their money personalities, they are most influenced by parents. If the parents aren’t making an effort to set a good environment and example for handling money, it will negate any effect by a money management class as a teenager.

Most teachers are not trained in personal finance, so they cannot provide the best instruction. And without mandatory money management classes, only a small percentage of students will choose this class as an elective. Those who choose this class make this choice at the expense of other possible electives, many of which enrich the mind rather than purport to enrich the wallet.

At the same time, society can’t rely solely on parents to transmit good financial habits to their children, even if the right tools are provided by outside sources to help those parents.

The problem of poor money management skills manifests itself in lower-income communities more than middle-class areas. Change, in the form of professing the opportunities that one can enjoy through financial independence, must come from within the community. It’s important for successful individuals to be involved with the community, serving as a role model, particularly when parents don’t have the skills or resources to serve in that role. Poor financial management and a lack of economic mobility can become a cycle. As a child grows up without a great financial role model, he or she will continue to be poor role models to his or her children.

The only way out is to break the cycle, and the only way to break the cycle is for successful individuals to assume the job of parents as financial role models.

Photo: Pink Sherbet Photography

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When politicians are campaigning, some try to reinforce the idea that they are similar to most Americans. Candidates for President of the United States try to avoid being labeled as elitist, because some sort of connection and kinship with their constituency is important for winning the favor of voters who aren’t already entrenched with a Democrat or Republican ideology.

Of course, the attempt to be viewed as an “average American” is nothing more than marketing and public relations. In order to find one’s way into the political arena at that level, you need to carry something that sets you aside from most Americans. And while money doesn’t guarantee a victory, it doesn’t hurt.

CNN has reported the net worth and income of the Republican presidential candidates as well as President Obama to see how they compare with each other. Like most Americans, they generally have wealth tied into their homes, but their investments, and in some cases, major liabilities and use of blind trusts, show that this crew lives in a world unfamiliar to most Americans.

Mitt RomneyMitt Romney’s net worth is between $85 million and $264 million. This is a wide range; with lenient reporting requirements, it’s difficult to be specific. He earns most from dividends and interest on his investments as well as from speaking engagements. Romney includes horses and gold among his investments. According to the Federal Election Commission, Mitt Romney has raised $32 million for his campaign as of September 2011 (the latest data).

Jon Huntsman’s net worth is between $16 million and $72 million. CNN points out that Huntsman’s father is one of the richest men in the world, as has donated more than $1 billion to universities and medical research. Huntsman has raised $4.5 million for his campaign as of September 2011.

Newt Gingrich’s net worth is between $7 million and $31 million. Last year, Gingrich earned $2.4 million from his own company, Gingrich Productions, and most of his assets are tied to this company. He also has listed up to $1 million in liabilities in the form of a line of credit with Tiffany and Co. Gingrich has raised $2.9 million for his campaign as of September 2011.

Barack Obama’s net worth is between $2.8 million and $11.8 million. Thanks to sales of his books, Obama can count himself among the richest politicians. He also earns a $400,000 salary as President. Obama has raised $88 million for his re-election campaign as of September 2011.

Ron Paul’s net worth is between $2.4 million and $5.4 million. This includes a five-year personal bank loan of up to $500,000. As a fan of gold, Paul has major investments in companies involved with gold and silver mining. Paul has raised almost $13 million for his campaign as of September 2011.

Rick Santorum’s net worth is between $1 million and $3 million. Santorum’s wealth is in rental real estate properties. He also has mortgages comprising debt of up to $750,000 on properties with a value of up to $1.25 million. He earned $1.3 million from January to August 2010 as a contributor on Fox News and from the Ethics and Public Policy Center think tank. Santorum raised $1.3 million for his campaign as of September 2011.

Rick Perry’s net worth is between $1 million and $2.5 million. The “poorest” of all presidential candidates, Perry receives a $133,000 salary as the governor of Texas. He has a diversified portfolio of stock investments. Perry raised $17 million for his campaign as of September 2011.

Should the individual who represents the United States of America domestically and globally be a reflection of American society? Does wealth tie into that equation?

Photo: Maassive
CNN, Federal Election Commission

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I used to work for a company in the financial services industry. Another branch of the corporation I worked for is involved with institutional money management. This department manages institutional investments like company retirement plans and pensions. This is a service they provided to other companies of various types, much like Fidelity and Schwab offer 401(k) management and administration to companies. This could be considered an in-house service, so as an employee of the company, my 401(k) plan was managed by this branch of the same company.

You would think that given the company’s standing within the financial industry, the 401(k) plan would include smart investment choices. Unfortunately, most of the funds available are high-priced, actively-managed mutual funds and annuity funds. There is one stock market index fund available, but its expense ratio is significantly higher than those of the low cost index funds found elsewhere. Nevertheless, I wanted to take advantage of the company’s matching contribution — after all, that’s free money — as well as the tax savings, so I relented and participated in the plan.

401(k) plans — and 403(b) plans available to non-profit and educational organizations — suffer from poor investment choices. They are often significantly more expensive than the index funds you can find for IRAs. A fund’s expenses play a significant role in an investor’s ability to grow wealth over time. A low-cost fund could save an investor over a hundred thousand dollars over the course of a career when compared to a similar fund with above-average expenses. Even taking inflation into account, this will be a significant amount of money.

Schwab has announced that they are now offering a selection of new 401(k) investment choices designed to cater to investors who are keen on keeping more of their money in a program called Schwab Index Advantage. It isn’t clear from the announcement whether the available funds will match what’s currently available to retail investors, but if they aren’t the same funds, they should be similar in cost. The Schwab S&P 500 Index Fund has an expense ratio of 0.09%, lower than even Vanguard’s competing retail S&P 500 Index Fund with 0.17%.

The brokerage also offers companies the ability to provide employees with investment advice and planning tools for an unspecified low cost. The GuidedChoice system will help employees make ongoing decisions regarding their retirement investing, and this should help employees save more for retirement. It’s individualized advice, which isn’t common with retirement plans. Most employees are lucky if their retirement plan comes with a web application that helps them determine an asset allocation strategy; individualized advice could, if the advice is good, help investors grow their nest eggs in a way that’s most appropriate for their goals.

Are you satisfied with your 401(k) retirement plan, its choices, and its included advice?

Charles Schwab

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Rather than blaming a representative or a corporate culture when discussions with a company don’t go the customer’s way, perhaps there are specific things the customer can do to encourage representatives to help. Money Magazine polled its readers and talked to experts to determine the best tactics for receiving the best customer service from companies. ... Continue reading this article…

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