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Whether you agree with it or not, the reason this country has supported programs like welfare, Social Security, the GI Bill, food stamps, Medicare, government-backed mortgages, FEMA insurance, and other social programs is because a modern society benefits when as many citizens as possible have opportunities to succeed financially. Social programs aren’t perfect and don’t always provide what they promise, and there’s always a small percentage who take advantage of the system.

The push-and-pull between the focus on the society and the focus on the individual existed even before the founding of the nation, and this particular Weeble that wobbles between left and right without falling down (yet) has allowed the United States to become the biggest economy in the world in a relatively short period of time, and that’s a good thing.

From an individual perspective, it might not be that intuitive that one needs to be concerned about the “very poor.” After all, with social safety nets, one might think that the “very poor” have little to worry about. Regardless of the existence of programs — both public and private — poverty is still an issue in this country, even if you don’t see it in your daily life as you shuffle in an office building from meeting to meeting or shuttle from city to city on business trips. It’s hard to be concerned about something if you aren’t faced with it every day.

If, however, you are concerned about the “very poor,” there are ways to help, even if you don’t believe that handouts are effective. The most popular rationalization for not caring about poverty is the idea that helping another individual teaches complacency rather than responsibility, interdependence rather than independence. The incorrect assumption is that families in destitute situations have no desire to work for their money like those who have built wealth for themselves and have earned the right to let their money do the work for them and receive income from dividends and interest rather than working in the middle-class and working-middle-class sense of the word.

The real problem is tied into that psychology 101 concept I turn to repeatedly, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. If most waking minutes in your day are spent worrying about your shelter, your food, and having a safe place to sleep, “income mobility” is a fantasy. You’re a victim of “class warfare,” but in your reality, you don’t have time or energy for political arguments about class warfare.

If you are concerned about the very poor, there are options. Helping bring attention to poverty can form provide opportunities to those without them without much sacrifice from those with opportunities.

  • Give money directly to organizations that run programs focusing on providing opportunities. The top-rated charities focusing on poverty according to Charity Navigator are Direct Relief International (although International is in the name, they also work to eliminate domestic poverty, particularly in disaster-stricken areas), SOME (So Others Might Eat, focusing on the D.C. area), and the People’s Resource Center (based in Chicago). If you prefer to give a hand-up rather than a hand-out, focus on organizations that provide job training and placement, programs that expand the reach of educational opportunities, and programs that present positive financial role models.
  • Volunteer with the organizations that run these programs. Build houses. Build schools. Help at a food bank. When you are actively involved, you get to experience the results of your work much more closely than if you were to send a check every month. No, you won’t get a tax deduction for volunteer work, but that’s not the point.
  • Become a community leader. When people from poor communities manage to succeed financially, they often don’t return to be the role model their community needs. This is the reason financial illiteracy is a problem that will continue from generation to generation, keeping low socio-economic status communities from thriving.

Are you concerned about the very poor? Does paying your taxes and being satisfied with existing social safety nets relieve you from any other possible responsibilities for how the country fares as a whole? Do we even have any responsibilities to anyone other than ourselves and our families?

Related: Here’s how you might be able to avoid poverty for your family. Also, could you survive at the poverty line?

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This is a guest article by Phil Cioppa of Arbol Financial Strategies, LLC. Phil has over 10 years of financial service experience and specializes in asset management strategies, insurance planning and taxation issues. A budget is an important part of any financial plan, and right now is the best time to take another look at yours.

Do you feel like your dollars don’t stretch as far as they used to? No, it is not your imagination. They don’t, because we are experiencing some of the most difficult economic times since the gas lines of the 1970s and the Great Depression in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

What does this mean for you? It means that it’s time to revisit your household budget to make sure that you are living within your means, that you are not wasting your hard-earned dollars on items you don’t need, and that you are setting money aside for what is really important.

What is really important? No, it’s not having the latest high tech gadget, a flashy new car, or more clothes to hang in your closet. It’s building and maintaining an adequate financial safety net for yourself so that you have the money you need to pay for setbacks and emergencies. For example, you lose your job, your employer decides not to continue paying for your health insurance, your car dies and you need to replace it, your child has an unexpected medical problem, your home needs an expensive repair, and so on. Without an adequate safety net, you may have to use credit cards to fund the unexpected, which could be devastating to your finances.

Saving for retirement is also really important. No matter how far away you are from retirement, if you don’t begin planning for it now, your inaction will come back to haunt you. No matter what –- put money aside for the future! When that future becomes “now,” you will be glad you did.

I know that doing all of this may sound like a tall order, but it’s non-negotiable. To start, re-evaluate your financial priorities, study your budget to figure out how your spending and your priorities line up, and then reduce your spending as necessary so that you can begin building a financial safety net as well as a retirement fund. And yes, doing this may require some sacrifice on your part.

If you have to spend less, examine your essential expenses, like food and other day-to-day costs of living. What can you reduce? Also look at the fat in your budget –- the stuff that you enjoy or think is nice to have, but that you really don’t need. What are you willing to give up?

Here are just a few of the kinds of questions you should ask yourself as you rework your budget:

  • Is your current cell phone plan truly the best deal for you?
  • Can you save money by bundling your phone, Internet and cable service? You’ll usually find that new account holders get the best deals so you may want to change providers.
  • Have you explored whether you could purchase your electricity or gas from a less expensive source, assuming those services are deregulated in your state?
  • Do you really need all of the TV channels you are paying for? If you changed to a cheaper package, would you miss the channels you eliminated?
  • Are you paying too much for your insurance? Ask your insurance broker to evaluate your insurance needs and explore whether you could save by consolidating all of your insurance with one company.
  • What about your vehicles? Can you get rid of one or them? And, how often do you use the motorcycle or boat you pay to insure?
  • How much are you spending each week on restaurant meals, happy hours, and coffee drinks? If you take the time to add up those expenses, you may be surprised at your final total. Take the money you are spending on such nonessentials and use it to pay off your debt faster, or to increase the amount that you save each month.
  • If you’ve been dropping thousands on vacations away, take vacations closer to home or even consider a vacation at home. Given rising airfares, you could save a bundle.
  • Refinance your home. With interest rates at all time lows, you could realize a substantial savings by getting a new mortgage loan and paying off your current one.

Nobody likes to change their lifestyle, but nobody likes to be broke either or to come up short when it’s time to retire! The key to surviving and even flourishing in a down economy is to be realistic about your spending, to decide what your financial priorities and needs really are, to give up some of your creature comforts if necessary, and to save, save, save. It’s essential if you want more money in your pocket for today and for tomorrow.

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This is a guest article by Jon the Saver, a personal finance blogger at Free Money Wisdom. His mission is to spread financial wisdom and help people get their financial lives under control. In his down time he loves a mean game of Scrabble and spending quality time with his fiancee.

I’m probably the only personal financial blogger who works in the construction industry. It may sound like a strange combination, but it actually makes sense. There are so many financial aspects to construction, it blows my mind.

To give you some background, I currently work for a Fortune 500 general contractor in the heavy civil industry. We work on large scale projects like highways, bridges, and power plants. I graduated college with a degree in Construction Management and love what I do. How many people do you know can say that? Well, I can and I’m proud of it! I love the ability to go out on a project site and then be able to come back indoors. I would hate cubicle life and feel like I’m wired for construction.

Construction BulldozerTo say that the construction industry has revolutionized my personal finances is pretty bold. As bold as it may be, it’s true. I have always had big picture personal finance principles as my foundation, but construction has really taught me a lot about personal finance, some of it from studying long hours in college and some of it from getting my work boots dirty in the field.

Let’s dig our boots in and explore this revolution.

1. Execution without planning will result in failure

You can try to execute, but if you don’t have proper planning, it’s doomed to fail. In construction this happens when someone doesn’t do his job and forgets to plan accordingly. This could be as simple as a missing checklist or as serious as not ordering enough concrete. Another big one is planning for safety. You never want injuries on your job site. If you don’t engineer out the risks of an operation, how can you be confident in your execution?

Effect on finances: This is everything from proper retirement planning to education on personal finances. I mean, why do you read this blog? Probably because you want to plan for your future. Planning is everything. If you have a good plan, you’re destined for success.

2. 80/20 rule applies to your finances

I’m a huge believer in the 80/20 rule, also known as the Pareto Principle. I first heard of this rule from a professor in college. The basic idea is that 80% of your results come from 20% of your work. More and more I’m finding this to be true. There are only a handful of decisions that are really going to affect you on a construction job. Things like a concrete pour are extremely critical, whereas a meeting on the door paint may be pushed to another week.

Effect on finances: Very few of your decisions will really have a big effect on your finances. I would say the top two decisions that fall into the 80/20 rule are living a debt-free life and saving 15 to 25 percent of your income for retirement. Now, there are others, but those two come to mind right now. Take the 80/20 rule and apply it to your financial life. You might even start to feel less stressed.

3. Where are you headed without a schedule?

A construction project is 100 percent schedule-driven. Without an organized schedule, how will you know what will be happening the next week? How will you know when to mobilize big equipment? These issues are solved by keeping an in-depth schedule and maintaining it. Most of our meetings on a job site are schedule-related, and there is good reason for that.

Effect on finances: Your retirement timeline will determine what your savings goals and personal schedule looks like. Knowing this timeline will also tell you what percentages you want to be in various asset classes for stocks and bonds. For example, a 20 year old should be invested in 20 percent bonds and 80 percent stocks. Now, take a 50 year old. This person would want to be invested in 50 percent bonds and 50 percent stocks. Knowing your schedule has a huge impact on your investment decisions.

4. Know your costs

On a construction project, knowing your costs will make or break your bottom line. Everything down to the office supplies need to be accounted for. Not only is this a good practice for keeping good records, but it ensures that you get paid by the owner. Without a record of your costs, your boat is going to sink and sink fast.

Effect on finances: When you relate this concept to your finances, this means keeping track of all expenses and where your money is going. Knowing where your money is going is crucial to saving effectively and ensuring you don’t fall into the trap of debt. If you don’t know where to start for tracking your costs, I recommend Mint.com.

5. Protect your assets

As a general contractor, we own much of our heavy equipment, everything from bulldozers to mobile cranes. Part of the responsibility of owning these pieces of equipment is to protect our assets. We maintain this equipment and always keep the moving parts up to date. A broken bulldozer is useless in the eyes of a general contractor.

Effect on finances: This one is more human related. Part of personal finances is keeping your body and mind healthy so you can enjoy your retirement or enjoy your hard earned money now! I’m always trying to explain this to people. Your body is your greatest asset. Without it, you’re in for some serious repercussions. Eat healthy and exercise on a weekly basis. You want to enjoy your “glory years” right?

Who knew that construction had so many lessons that you could apply to personal finances? I hope you enjoyed this post. Now you know it’s not so crazy to be in construction and love personal finance!

Photo: bucklava

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You’ll never reach the top level in Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, self-actualization, if you concern yourself with your possessions. If you focus on acquiring gadgets, showering your children with toys, or achieving other materialistic pursuits, if you do so while neglecting the pursuit of including satisfying experiences in your life, you can never reach your full potential.

Even thinking about experiences beyond base needs is a luxury when abiding by Maslow’s theory, because pursuing fulfilling experiences requires discretionary income or available cash. Anyone who hasn’t been able to meet the lower-level requirements in the hierarchy may need to devote all resources to health and safety. For those of us in the developed world who have benefited from a society that allows successful people to do as they choose with their financial surplus, we often face questions about how to spend that money with an eye towards increasing happiness.

Wrapped GiftAs I’ve found myself in a more comfortable financial situation over the last decade — and that comfort comes from an increased income and an ability to save for the future without sacrificing too much of my present — I’ve begun trying to find more ways to use surplus income (after meeting savings goals) to enjoy my life today. Financial writers often get caught up with the idea that people need to save as much money as possible for the future, but once there is some comfort with planning, there has to be an opportunity to enjoy life today.

Once my finances were on a solid path, I decided I was comfortable increasing today’s expenses. The gateway for me was most likely moving into a new apartment. If my only income came from my day job, I might not have been able to comfortably move from a small apartment to a nicer, larger apartment without making sacrifices somewhere else. By moving into the newer apartment, I recognized that my income stream outside of my day job would be fairly steady, and that I had an emergency fund for back-up in the event of a disaster. I also accumulated things. With my day job, I was able to afford cable again, but with extra income, I was able to justify high-definition service and a new, high-definition television.

I was able to afford to buy cameras, lenses, and other photography equipment (several of which I still purchased used to save money), and to explore this hobby further. This gets into the topic at hand: experiences vs. things. While photography equipment consists of things, they are items that allow me to explore a hobby — or possibly a future business — and create experiences for myself. I attended classes at the local arts council to further develop my skills.

A study from 2003 building on prior research about materialism explains that using money to acquire experiences increases long-term happiness than using money to acquire objects. Here are some of the results:

As anticipated, respondents asked to evaluate an experiential purchase indicated that it made them happier than did those asked to evaluate a material purchase. Respondents also indicated that experiential purchases were better financial investments than material purchases. Participants indicated that, compared with material purchases, experiential purchases made them happier, contributed more to their happiness in life, and represented money better spent. Respondents were also less inclined to say that the money spent on experiences could have been better spent elsewhere than the money spent on material possessions.

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of NeedsThe authors of the 2003 study also offer suggestions for the causes of these results. Why do experiential purchases result in happiness more than material purchases?

  • Experiences are more open to positive reinterpretation. As time passes, view of history becomes rosier.
  • Experiences are more central to one’s identity. We are the sum of our experiences; people rarely identify with the items they’ve collected around their house as much as they identify with experiences like travel, operating their own business, and spending time with family.
  • Experiences have greater social value. People like sharing and talking about their experiences, and this type of discussion fosters better relationships than talking about possessions.

A follow-up study in 2010 goes further to explain why experiences are more satisfying. This study found that it was easy to compare a purchased item, such as a high-definition television, with other similar items at the time of purchase and looking back. When comparing experiences, such as a family trip to Disney World, it’s much more difficult to make effective comparisons. Also, consumers are more likely to try to get the best deal when shopping for items with a strong field of comparable items but are more likely to satisfice when deciding to purchase an experience. Among other reasons, the researchers also determined that consumers are more likely to compare their material purchases with others’ purchases while have a difficult time doing the same for experiential purchases.

You may be looking forward to the holidays, wondering what type of gifts would make your family and friends happiest. You can always play to the utilitarian point of view by purchasing gifts that the recipient might need, but to have the greatest impact, consider finding a way to offer an experience that everyone would enjoy. The benefits might not be immediate, but an experience could create memories that outshine this year’s hot Christmas toy or latest Apple product for years to come.

Some experiential holiday gifts come to mind.

  • A weekend getaway. Spend the weekend in a nearby city to save on transportation costs, and explore the town. This is something I did this past weekend in Philadelphia. It wasn’t a gift, but I am sure my girlfriend and I are going to remember our scary experience at the Eastern State Penitentiary for the rest of our lives.
  • Dinner and a Broadway show. Good food and entertainment combine to make lasting memories that enhance happiness. For those who attend Broadway shows more than once a year, find a way to make it more memorable, perhaps with a backstage tour, VIP seating, or meeting the cast.
  • Long-distance travel. It’s often less expensive to travel outside of the country than to travel across. Within the United States, there are almost endless opportunities for unique travel experiences as well. I will always remember the time I spent exploring Death Valley with my family.
  • An exciting activity. My girlfriend seems interested in skydiving and hot-air-ballooning. I’m not a big fan of either of these activities because I would like to live for a long time, but I know these are activities that would make her happy if she were to live to tell me about them.

Consider leaving behind the material this holiday season and increasing someone’s long-term happiness by engaging in an activity or experience the memory of which will last a lifetime and become more favorable as time passes.

Photo: comedynose
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003 [pdf] and 2010 [pdf]

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