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Ninety-three years is a long time to live. My paternal grandmother was that age when she passed away this past Saturday. I attended her funeral, a graveside service, earlier this week. She lived in Florida, but she was flown up to Long Island to be buried with her husband, who died in 1968.

A couple of weeks ago, my maternal grandmother entered hospice care, with the doctors offering a prognosis of days or weeks, maybe months, due to Parkinson’s disease and, I believe, complications after hip surgery. She lives in California and is in her mid-eighties, and since receiving the news I’ve been mentally and logistically planning to travel out to the west coast at any time with one day’s notice.

I was then surprised when I heard from my father this past weekend that his mother had also entered hospice care. While my mother’s mother continues to have bad days and somewhat better days but is surviving, my father’s mother passed away after one day. My family in Florida held a ceremony for her on Monday, and more family in New York was on hand on Tuesday for the burial. This quick pace is not uncommon; Jewish funerals typically occur quickly, without a wake or viewing.

Occasions like these often bring together distant relatives who have been out of contact, and this Tuesday was no different. It was great to see relatives and friends of the family I had not seen in decades and meet other friends and relatives.

I wasn’t involved in the financial aspects of this event, but it was apparent that a funeral can be a very expensive event. Despite the morbidity of the though, a funeral should be financially planned. In our case, the plot was purchased a long time ago, when prices were surely much lower than they are now. In my grandmother’s case, I would imagine the transportation from Florida to New York was the most expensive part of the day.

How much does a funeral cost?

The National Funeral Directors Association conducts a survey every year or so to gather information about the cost of funerals across the country. As you would imagine, the costs increase every year. The 2006 survey produced these averages for itemized funeral services:

Item Price
Non-declinable basic services fee $1,595
Removal/transfer of remains to funeral home $233
Embalming $550
Other preparation of the body $203
Use of facilities/staff for viewing $406
Use of facilities/staff for funeral ceremony $463
Use of a hearse $251
Use of a service car/van $120
Basic memorial printed package $119
Subtotal without Casket: $3,940
Metal Casket $2,255
Subtotal with Casket: $6,195
Vault $1,128
Total Cost $7,323

The cemetery where my grandmother is now buried also has a yearly fee for keeping the plot tidy but has an alternative option for “perpetual care.” Perpetual care is a one-time fee, currently $2,000 at this particular cemetery, that covers trimming the hedges and other landscaping.

The Federal Trade Commission requires funeral directors to provide itemized prices for all services related to the funeral, so make sure you ask as many questions as possible.

Planning for a funeral

In 1968, when my paternal grandfather died, the average total funeral cost was $708; in 2006, the average total cost was $6,195.

One of the best ways you can help those you leave behind afford this expense, if you can manage to help, is to set aside money to care for the events surrounding your own death. In the real world, there are many things that can get in the way of this planning such as the cost of health care. Even though there are often financial obstacles as you age, any consideration will help your family.

The first thing you could do, if and when you have settled down to live in a certain area, is purchase a plot in a cemetery that fits your family’s tradition or religion. Buying the plot in advance will save money down the road as the cost of plots and practically everything else associated with a funeral increases at a rate higher than inflation.

If it is not offensive to you, or your religion, cremation is a less expensive option. Consider cremation if this is aligned with your personal values.

Don’t forget to comparison shop. If you want until it’s too late, there may be pressure to make decisions quickly. This increases the chances of spending money unnecessarily.

For those looking to cut costs on a funeral, Christopher Solomon has suggestions for planning a funeral for $800 or less.

Coming to terms with mortality

I never said William Shatner is a great singer. His first album, The Transformed Man, established his status in music history as not a great singer. But paired with Ben Folds for the more recent Has Been, he came up with the poignant “You’ll Have Time,” which reminds us all that we are going to die at some point. “Live life like you’re gonna die, because you’re going to…”

There’s never been a better reason to stop procrastinating.

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For some fun reading, I recommend these articles written recently and published across the internet.

Estate Planning: Are You Ready When Your Time Comes? Lazy Man narrowly avoided death recently, but it is my grandmother’s condition that leads me to link to this timely post. Here, Lazy Man offers several tips to help prepare the loved ones left behind for handling your responsibilities following your passing.

What Works for Me: Debt Reduction Mindset. It’s always fascinating to see someone else’s motivating factors in any task. Motivation varies greatly from person to person. In this article NCN describes what motivates him to getting out of and staying out of debt. You may come away with some suggestions for keeping yourself on the debt reduction path as well.

Want a High Paying Job? Do the Math. Mr. Tough Money Love points out a recent survey that shows that the college majors resulting in the top job offers in terms of starting salary are strongly weighted towards those requiring strong math skills. Most of these jobs are various forms of engineering.

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We spend our life in modern society accumulating Things and possibly accumulating money. When you take a step back and look at life on the larger scale, money is not a goal in isolation. We strive to accumulate wealth not to die with our names in various banks’ computers associated with high numbers. There must be something else we intend to do with that money, as it is only a tool, a means to an end.

Among the ability to buy and accumulate Things, having money allows us to have more options. Having money allows us to have children — although the lack of money rarely stops people from procreating. Parents who have unspent money may decide to transfer their wealth to their children as they approach or reach the end of their lives.

The decision to leave money to children is personal, and there are many arguments both for and against. But assuming you’ve made the decision to pass wealth to younger relatives, how do you decide how much each heir should receive?

One option would be to divide your estate equally among all recipients or equally among recipients of the same level. For example, with $30 million to distribute and two children and four grandchildren, you could leave $5 million for each heir. Another option would be to leave $8 to each of your two children and $3.5 million to each of the grandchildren. Either one of these options might be considered “equal.”

What if one of your children is a successful entrepreneur who is wealthy in her own right and the other is a successful non-profit manager who has not earned a fortune on their own but has struggled for an important cause? Would it still be right to leave equal amounts to each child? What would you do if one of your grandchildren is developmentally disabled and would benefit from several million dollars to cover a lifetime of health care expenses?

“Equal” is not always the same as “fair,” and it’s usually easier to determine what is equal than to determine what what is fair. How would you decide to allocate your wealth among your heirs? This dilemma could be avoided by giving your fortune to charity. However, assuming you’ve decided the money could be well cared for in the hands of offspring or other heirs, what would you do?

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When the doors opened early for Black Friday sales at a Wal-Mart store on Long Island, the frenzied shoppers stormed in, determined to be the first to grab the bargains before they were depleted. The maniacs trampled the unfortunate Wal-Mart worker whose job was to open the door. The shoppers continued to run in, ignoring the man on the ground. The New York Times described the scene:

The throng of Wal-Mart shoppers had been building all night, filling sidewalks and stretching across a vast parking lot at the Green Acres Mall in Valley Stream, N.Y. At 3:30 a.m., the Nassau County police had to be called in for crowd control, and an officer with a bullhorn pleaded for order…

By 4:55, with no police officers in sight, the crowd of more than 2,000 had become a rabble, and could be held back no longer. Fists banged and shoulders pressed on the sliding-glass double doors, which bowed in with the weight of the assault. Six to 10 workers inside tried to push back, but it was hopeless. Suddenly, witnesses and the police said, the doors shattered, and the shrieking mob surged through in a blind rush for holiday bargains.

At this point, Jdimytai Damour was trampled in the stampede and died, without shoppers stopping to help. When the police shut down the store, shoppers refused to leave.

Is shopping, while possibly saving a few dollars on a highly-publicized sale day, so important that it forces otherwise normal people to act like savages, literally killing each other to be first in line for the bargains? It sounds like this Wal-Mart location was inadequately protected with security appropriate for a mob scene, but it’s just a sale. This was not an angry mob, marching for a cause, ready to defend their movement to the death. Those who trampled this poor individual without any thought to his well-being should be arrested and charges with second degree manslaughter.

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If you are lucky enough to inherit (for example) $10 million in property or investments from deceased relatives, you are also lucky enough to pass a good portion of that to the government in the form of estate taxes. It is kind of a strange concept. Why should that money be taxed? It is simply a gift from one person to another, not a gift to the government. The basic argument in favor of the estate tax is that it helps to prevent massively wealthy families from avoiding tax on their main source of income, generation after generation. The existence of the estate tax also encourages charitable giving, as that is a way to avoid this particular tax.

Opponents of the estate tax often call it a “death tax” to stir emotions and create a political issue. Warren Buffet has is critical of the “death tax” term and is a strong supporter of the estate tax.

The billionaire investor has been an outspoken critic of efforts to repeal the estate tax and in testimony at a Senate Finance Committee estate tax hearing on Wednesday, he told lawmakers that you’d have to attend 200 funerals to be at one where the family of the deceased would owe estate tax.

So it sounds like the families that were intended to be taxes on their estates end up avoiding the tax while still passing along their wealth. Those who want to repeal the tax argue that it hurts farmers and family business owners whose property or business is passed down from one generation to the next, and need to sell part of their business to pay the bill.

Buffett provided suggestions for improvements to the estate tax that will ensure that those passing on their wealth fairly contribute to the government while protecting family-owned businesses.

File this under the category of “problems I’d like to have one day.”

Update: On Advanced Personal Finance, KMC explains why the estate tax is the most misunderstood tax.

Do you think the estate tax should be repealed?

Buffett: Phrase “Death Tax” is “Dead Wrong” [CNN Money]

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